2023復習正在如火如荼的進行中，考研專家建議可以按考研題型分別進行重點復習，是考研英語中分值最高的，在線小編特地整理了2023理解模擬試題供大家模擬練習，希望大家認真做題，錯題著重看解析及譯文，經過練習閱讀理解能力必能有所提高。 　　二十五、貧富與健康 　　Class informed everything from the circumstances of patients heart attacks to the emergency care each received, the households they returned to and the jobs they hoped to resume. It shaped their understanding of their illness, the support they got from their families, their relationships with their doctors. It helped define their ability to change their lives and shaped their odds of getting better. 　　Class is a potent force in health and longevity in the United States. The more education and income people have, the less likely they are to have and die of heart disease, strokes, diabetes and many types of cancer. Upper-middle-class Americans live longer and in better health than middle-class Americans, who live longer and better than those at the bottom. And the gaps are widening, say people who have researched social factors in health. 　　As advances in medicine and disease prevention have increased life expectancy in the United States, the benefits have disproportionately gone to people with education, money, good jobs and connections. They are almost invariably in the best position to learn new information early, modify their behavior, take advantage of the latest treatments and have the cost covered by insurance. 　　Many risk factors for chronic diseases are now more common among the less educated than the better educated. Smoking has dropped sharply among the better educated, but not among the less. Physical inactivity is more than twice as common among high school dropouts as among college graduates. Lower-income women are more likely than other women to be overweight, though the pattern among men may be the opposite. 　　There may also be subtler differences. Some researchers now believe that the stress involved in so-called high-demand, low-control jobs further down the occupational scale is more harmful than the stress of professional jobs that come with greater autonomy and control. Others are studying the health impact of job insecurity, lack of support on the job, and employment that makes it difficult to balance work and family obligations. 　　Then there is the issue of social networks and support, the differences in the knowledge, time and attention that a persons family and friends are in a position to offer. What is the effect of social isolation? Neighborhood differences have also been studied: How stressful is a neighborhood? Are there safe places to exercise? What are the health effects of discrimination? 　　In the last 20 years, there have been enormous advances in rescuing patients with heart attack and in knowledge about how to prevent heart attack, said Ichiro Kawachi, a professor of social epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health. Its like diffusion of innovation: whenever innovation comes along, the well-to-do are much quicker at adopting it. On the lower end, various disadvantages have piled onto the poor. Diet has gotten worse. Theres a lot more work stress. People have less time, if theyre poor, to devote to health maintenance behaviors when they are juggling two jobs. Morality rates even among the poor are coming down, but the rate is not anywhere near as fast as for the well-to-do. So the gap has increased. 　　1.Which of the following is probably not class-determined? 　　[A] The quality of health care one receives. [B] Knowledge of illness one has. 　　[C] The odds one gives the doctor a good impression. [D] The relationship one establishes with the family. 　　2.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? 　　[A] It is easier for the people at the bottom to get chronic diseases. 　　[B] Health steadily worsens as one descends the social ladder. 　　[C] The less educated cannot take advantage of medical advances. 　　[D] Chronic diseases are often associated with peoples unhealthy lifestyle. 　　3.What can be inferred from the passage? 　　[A] Health inequalities situation within America appears to be improving. 　　[B] There are high correlations between education and earning power. 　　[C] Jobs with high control and social support pose a smaller threat to the health. 　　[D] The risk of ill health is greatest among people being discriminated against. 　　4.The gap between the rich and poor _____. 　　[A] is revealed also in morality rate [B] grows at the same pace as the rate of innovation 　　[C] is not yet obvious in the United States [D] shrinks with the advances in medicine 　　5.The passage is mainly about _____. 　　[A] great progress America has made in medicine [B] Americans concern about health 　　[C] factors affecting peoples health [D] the widening health gap between different classes 　　答案：1.C 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.D 　　核心詞匯或超綱詞匯 　　household一家人，家庭，家族，王室家庭的;普通的，家常的;家喻戶曉的 　　resume恢復，重新開始，重新占用 　　odds可能性;可能的機會 　　longevity長壽;壽命;長期從事一項職業 　　stroke擊，敲，一劃，一筆，一次努力，打擊，中風 　　chronic慢性的，延續很長的;長期的，慣常的 　　scale刻度;比例;規模;天平;等級 　　全文翻譯 　　通過社會階層可以獲悉一切。以心臟病患者為例，從發病時所處的境況到他們受到的急救護理，從出院后回到的家庭到希望重返的工作崗位。社會階層影響患者對疾病的理解、從家庭得到的支持以及他們和醫生的關系。社會階層也決定了患者改變生活的能力和得到康復的機率。 　　在美國，社會階層是決定健康與壽命的重要因素。受教育程度和收入水平越高，患上和死于心臟病、中風、糖尿病及各種癌癥的可能性就越小。中上階層的美國人比中等階層美國人壽命更長，健康狀況更好。而中產階層又比社會底層的人更健康長壽。研究影響健康的社會因素的人士指出，上述種種差距正在日益加大。 　　醫學的發展和疾病防治水平的提高延長了美國人的預期壽命，但受益最大的是受過教育、富有、擁有好工作和廣泛社會關系網的富裕人士。這些人幾乎始終處于先了解最新信息的最佳位置，他們可以及時調整自己的行為，使用最新醫療方法，并且由購買的保險來支付醫療費用。 　　很多導致慢性病的危險因素如今在低學歷人群中要比高學歷人群中更為普遍。在受過良好教育的人群中，吸煙人數大幅減少，但是在低學歷人群中則不然。高中輟學生中缺乏體育鍛煉者所占比例是大學畢業生的兩倍以上。低收入女性比其他女性更容易超重，但男性中的狀況可能恰恰相反。 　　當然也可能有更微妙的差異。現在一些研究人員認為，工作等級偏低、所謂的高要求低控制的工作中產生的壓力與有較大自主權和控制力的專業工作產生的壓力相比更有害健康。其他人員正在研究不安定性、工作上缺少支持及工作與家庭難以兼顧的崗位對健康的影響。 　　另外，影響健康的因素還包括：社會網絡和支持、個人知識水平上的差異、家庭和朋友能夠提供的時間和關注。社會隔離會有什么樣的影響?人們對居住地區差異的影響也做了研究：居住地區能產生的壓力有多大?是否有可供鍛煉的安全場所?遭遇社會歧視對健康有多大影響? 　　哈佛公共健康學院的社會傳染病學教授Ichiro Kawachi說：在過去的20年中，對心臟病患者的挽救和預防心臟病的知識方面都取得了很大的進步。它像革新的傳播。每當新事物產生的時候，富裕的人會更迅速地采用它。在低階層的一面，各種各樣的劣勢都堆積到窮人身上。飲食更糟糕，工作壓力更大。如果他們貧窮的話，會有更少的時間用于保持健康，因為他們同時做兩份工作。貧窮人口的道德水平在下降，但是遠遠沒有富裕人口的水平下降得快。因此差距擴大了。

　　2023復習正在如火如荼的進行中，考研專家建議可以按考研題型分別進行重點復習，是考研英語中分值最高的，在線小編特地整理了2023理解模擬試題供大家模擬練習，希望大家認真做題，錯題著重看解析及譯文，經過練習閱讀理解能力必能有所提高。 　　二十五、貧富與健康 　　Class informed everything from the circumstances of patients heart attacks to the emergency care each received, the households they returned to and the jobs they hoped to resume. It shaped their understanding of their illness, the support they got from their families, their relationships with their doctors. It helped define their ability to change their lives and shaped their odds of getting better. 　　Class is a potent force in health and longevity in the United States. The more education and income people have, the less likely they are to have and die of heart disease, strokes, diabetes and many types of cancer. Upper-middle-class Americans live longer and in better health than middle-class Americans, who live longer and better than those at the bottom. And the gaps are widening, say people who have researched social factors in health. 　　As advances in medicine and disease prevention have increased life expectancy in the United States, the benefits have disproportionately gone to people with education, money, good jobs and connections. They are almost invariably in the best position to learn new information early, modify their behavior, take advantage of the latest treatments and have the cost covered by insurance. 　　Many risk factors for chronic diseases are now more common among the less educated than the better educated. Smoking has dropped sharply among the better educated, but not among the less. Physical inactivity is more than twice as common among high school dropouts as among college graduates. Lower-income women are more likely than other women to be overweight, though the pattern among men may be the opposite. 　　There may also be subtler differences. Some researchers now believe that the stress involved in so-called high-demand, low-control jobs further down the occupational scale is more harmful than the stress of professional jobs that come with greater autonomy and control. Others are studying the health impact of job insecurity, lack of support on the job, and employment that makes it difficult to balance work and family obligations. 　　Then there is the issue of social networks and support, the differences in the knowledge, time and attention that a persons family and friends are in a position to offer. What is the effect of social isolation? Neighborhood differences have also been studied: How stressful is a neighborhood? Are there safe places to exercise? What are the health effects of discrimination? 　　In the last 20 years, there have been enormous advances in rescuing patients with heart attack and in knowledge about how to prevent heart attack, said Ichiro Kawachi, a professor of social epidemiology at the Harvard School of Public Health. Its like diffusion of innovation: whenever innovation comes along, the well-to-do are much quicker at adopting it. On the lower end, various disadvantages have piled onto the poor. Diet has gotten worse. Theres a lot more work stress. People have less time, if theyre poor, to devote to health maintenance behaviors when they are juggling two jobs. Morality rates even among the poor are coming down, but the rate is not anywhere near as fast as for the well-to-do. So the gap has increased. 　　1.Which of the following is probably not class-determined? 　　[A] The quality of health care one receives. [B] Knowledge of illness one has. 　　[C] The odds one gives the doctor a good impression. [D] The relationship one establishes with the family. 　　2.Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage? 　　[A] It is easier for the people at the bottom to get chronic diseases. 　　[B] Health steadily worsens as one descends the social ladder. 　　[C] The less educated cannot take advantage of medical advances. 　　[D] Chronic diseases are often associated with peoples unhealthy lifestyle. 　　3.What can be inferred from the passage? 　　[A] Health inequalities situation within America appears to be improving. 　　[B] There are high correlations between education and earning power. 　　[C] Jobs with high control and social support pose a smaller threat to the health. 　　[D] The risk of ill health is greatest among people being discriminated against. 　　4.The gap between the rich and poor _____. 　　[A] is revealed also in morality rate [B] grows at the same pace as the rate of innovation 　　[C] is not yet obvious in the United States [D] shrinks with the advances in medicine 　　5.The passage is mainly about _____. 　　[A] great progress America has made in medicine [B] Americans concern about health 　　[C] factors affecting peoples health [D] the widening health gap between different classes 　　答案：1.C 2.C 3.C 4.A 5.D 　　核心詞匯或超綱詞匯 　　household一家人，家庭，家族，王室家庭的;普通的，家常的;家喻戶曉的 　　resume恢復，重新開始，重新占用 　　odds可能性;可能的機會 　　longevity長壽;壽命;長期從事一項職業 　　stroke擊，敲，一劃，一筆，一次努力，打擊，中風 　　chronic慢性的，延續很長的;長期的，慣常的 　　scale刻度;比例;規模;天平;等級 　　全文翻譯 　　通過社會階層可以獲悉一切。以心臟病患者為例，從發病時所處的境況到他們受到的急救護理，從出院后回到的家庭到希望重返的工作崗位。社會階層影響患者對疾病的理解、從家庭得到的支持以及他們和醫生的關系。社會階層也決定了患者改變生活的能力和得到康復的機率。 　　在美國，社會階層是決定健康與壽命的重要因素。受教育程度和收入水平越高，患上和死于心臟病、中風、糖尿病及各種癌癥的可能性就越小。中上階層的美國人比中等階層美國人壽命更長，健康狀況更好。而中產階層又比社會底層的人更健康長壽。研究影響健康的社會因素的人士指出，上述種種差距正在日益加大。 　　醫學的發展和疾病防治水平的提高延長了美國人的預期壽命，但受益最大的是受過教育、富有、擁有好工作和廣泛社會關系網的富裕人士。這些人幾乎始終處于先了解最新信息的最佳位置，他們可以及時調整自己的行為，使用最新醫療方法，并且由購買的保險來支付醫療費用。 　　很多導致慢性病的危險因素如今在低學歷人群中要比高學歷人群中更為普遍。在受過良好教育的人群中，吸煙人數大幅減少，但是在低學歷人群中則不然。高中輟學生中缺乏體育鍛煉者所占比例是大學畢業生的兩倍以上。低收入女性比其他女性更容易超重，但男性中的狀況可能恰恰相反。 　　當然也可能有更微妙的差異。現在一些研究人員認為，工作等級偏低、所謂的高要求低控制的工作中產生的壓力與有較大自主權和控制力的專業工作產生的壓力相比更有害健康。其他人員正在研究不安定性、工作上缺少支持及工作與家庭難以兼顧的崗位對健康的影響。 　　另外，影響健康的因素還包括：社會網絡和支持、個人知識水平上的差異、家庭和朋友能夠提供的時間和關注。社會隔離會有什么樣的影響?人們對居住地區差異的影響也做了研究：居住地區能產生的壓力有多大?是否有可供鍛煉的安全場所?遭遇社會歧視對健康有多大影響? 　　哈佛公共健康學院的社會傳染病學教授Ichiro Kawachi說：在過去的20年中，對心臟病患者的挽救和預防心臟病的知識方面都取得了很大的進步。它像革新的傳播。每當新事物產生的時候，富裕的人會更迅速地采用它。在低階層的一面，各種各樣的劣勢都堆積到窮人身上。飲食更糟糕，工作壓力更大。如果他們貧窮的話，會有更少的時間用于保持健康，因為他們同時做兩份工作。貧窮人口的道德水平在下降，但是遠遠沒有富裕人口的水平下降得快。因此差距擴大了。