40. Through the study of instruments, as well as painting, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.

　　[參考譯文]通過對圖片、文字記載以及樂器等的研究，我們可以了解一千多年以前近東音樂傳入中國的情況，也可以勒出近東音樂的影響波及歐洲并導致交響樂的大部分樂器發展和演變的大致輪廓。

　　41. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply.

　　[參考譯文]戰爭沖突與競爭不同，前者可以定義為社會實體之間彼此對立的抗爭，后者可定義為各個實體在單獨獲取供應不足的物資時所產生的對抗。

　　42. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive.

　　[參考譯文]許多作家根據動物世界為生存而進行的斗爭中具有適者生存的規律這一點，論證戰爭是不可避免的。

　　43. As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in different ear about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computers is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all.

　　[參考譯文]正如在不同時代，塞繆爾?約翰遜博士所談論的女士布道一樣，計算機的驚人之處不是它們的思考能力不如人類，而是它們居然會思考。

　　44. Finally, the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear.

　　[參考譯文]最后，人類和計算機之間的界線將變得模糊起來。

　　40. Through the study of instruments, as well as painting, written documents, and so on, we can explore the movement of music from the Near East to China over a thousand years ago, or we can outline the spread of Near Eastern influence to Europe that resulted in the development of most of the instruments in the symphony orchestra.

　　[參考譯文]通過對圖片、文字記載以及樂器等的研究，我們可以了解一千多年以前近東音樂傳入中國的情況，也可以勒出近東音樂的影響波及歐洲并導致交響樂的大部分樂器發展和演變的大致輪廓。

　　41. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply.

　　[參考譯文]戰爭沖突與競爭不同，前者可以定義為社會實體之間彼此對立的抗爭，后者可定義為各個實體在單獨獲取供應不足的物資時所產生的對抗。

　　42. Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive.

　　[參考譯文]許多作家根據動物世界為生存而進行的斗爭中具有適者生存的規律這一點，論證戰爭是不可避免的。

　　43. As Dr. Samuel Johnson said in different ear about ladies preaching, the surprising thing about computers is not that they think less well than a man, but that they think at all.

　　[參考譯文]正如在不同時代，塞繆爾?約翰遜博士所談論的女士布道一樣，計算機的驚人之處不是它們的思考能力不如人類，而是它們居然會思考。

　　44. Finally, the line between the original and the copy becomes unclear.

　　[參考譯文]最后，人類和計算機之間的界線將變得模糊起來。