浙江省2024屆高考英語二輪專題總復(fù)習(xí)課件：第4講 介詞
第 4 講
介詞
1. I always wanted to do the job which I'd been trained ______. (2011浙江卷)
A. on
B. for
C. by
D. of 【答案及解析】1. B 本題考點(diǎn)為介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配。句意為“我總想從事我一直以來為此被訓(xùn)練的工作。”還原定語從句部分，應(yīng)該是“I'd been trained for the job”。 train作動(dòng)詞意為“訓(xùn)練”，介詞for表目的。
2. I guess we've already talked about this before but I'll ask you again just ______. (2010浙江卷)
A. by nature
B. in return
C. in case
D. by chance 【答案及解析】2. C 考查介詞短語的辨析。句意為“我覺得我們以前已經(jīng)談?wù)撨^這件事情了，但是以防萬一，我還是再問你一次吧。”by nature天生地，天然地；in return作為回報(bào)；in case以防萬一；by chance偶然地，碰巧。 介詞又叫前置詞，是一種虛詞。介詞分為三種： 簡單介詞，如at, in, on, beside, to, for等； 短語介詞，即由兩個(gè)以上的詞組成的短語，如in front of, because of, instead of等； 二重介詞，如until after, from behind等。 介詞的種類
介詞不能獨(dú)立在句中作成分，介詞后必須與名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，表示人、物、事件等與其他人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。 1．作定語：The book _on_the_table is mine.
2．作狀語：We have breakfast at_seven._(表時(shí)間) They were late for meeting because_of the heavy rain. (表原因) They started the machine by_pressing the button. (表方式)
介詞的句法功能
3．作表語：My dictionary is in_the_bag.
4．作賓語補(bǔ)足語：I found him in_the_office.
介詞的句法功能
1．表示時(shí)間的at, in, on at表示片刻的時(shí)間，如：at 8 o'clock，常用詞組有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas等。 in表示一段時(shí)間，如：in the morning/ afternoon/ evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。 on總是跟日子有關(guān)，如： on Monday, on Christmas morning, on May Day, on a warm morning等。 主要介詞區(qū)別
2．表示時(shí)間的since和from since表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的過程，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。from表示從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開始，一般多與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)、將來時(shí)連用。如： I hope to do morning exercises from_today.
We have not seen each other since_1995.
主要介詞區(qū)別 3. between和 among 一般說來，between表示兩者之間，among用于三者或三者以上的中間。如： You are to sit between your father and me.
He is always happy among his classmate
主要介詞區(qū)別 4．表示“用”的in, by和with with用于有形的工具，或身體某些器官等的方面，其后的名詞多被冠詞或物主代詞等修飾。而in常用于表示材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語言、聲音等。by后接名詞且名詞前常沒有修飾詞，名詞用原形。如： He is writing a letter with_a_pen.
He wrote the letter in_pencil._ We measured it in_pounds. (按磅計(jì)算) Tell me the story in_English.
by hand靠手工 by ship乘船 by air乘飛機(jī) 主要介詞區(qū)別 5．a(chǎn)s和 like as作“作為”、“以……地位或身份”解。如：Let me speak to you as a father. (事實(shí)是父親) like作“像……一樣”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father. (事實(shí)上不是父親)。 6．in front of 和in the front of in front of ＝ before，是“在……前面”的意思(不在某物內(nèi))；in the front of則是“在……前部”的意思(在某物內(nèi))。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard.
The boy sat in the front of the car.
主要介詞區(qū)別
1. 表示時(shí)間的in和after
兩者都表示“在(某個(gè)時(shí)間)之后”，區(qū)別在于in表示“在(一段時(shí)間)之后”，而after則表示“在(某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn))之后”，in短語和將來時(shí)態(tài)連用，after短語和過去時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)連用。如：
We'll be back in three days.
After seven the rain began to fall.
注意：after有時(shí)也可以表示在一段時(shí)間之后(常用在過去時(shí)里)。如：
After two months he returned.
易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)
2. 表示地理位置的in, on, to
in表示在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。如：
Changchun is in the northeast of China.
Mongolia is on_the north of China.
Japan is to the east of China.
3. 表示“穿過……”的through和across
through表示從內(nèi)部通過；across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過。如：
Water flows through the pipe.
The old man walked across the street.
易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)
4. besides, except, but, except for
besides指“除了……還有，再加上”。如：All went out besides me.
except指“除了，減去什么”。如：All went out except me.
but與except意思近似，表示“除了……外”，經(jīng)常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑問詞后面。如：
I never saw him reading anything_but the newspaper.
易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)
except for表示“除……以外”，跟except的區(qū)別在于其后跟的詞與前面所提到的不是同一類別。如：
His diary is good except_for a few spelling mistakes.
易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)
5. for與of用于不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) (1) It is＋adj. ＋of sb. to do sth. ＝ sb. ＋be＋adj. ＋to do sth.
當(dāng)形容詞說明不定式邏輯主語的性質(zhì)、特征時(shí)，用of。常見的此類形容詞有：kind, good, nice, clever, stupid, foolish, considerate, polite, impolite, cruel等。 (2) It is＋adj. ＋for sb. to do sth.
當(dāng)形容詞說明不定式的性質(zhì)時(shí)用for。常見的此類形容詞有：possible, impossible, important, necessary等。如： It is quite important for us to protect our environment.
第 4 講
介詞
1. I always wanted to do the job which I'd been trained ______. (2011浙江卷)
A. on
B. for
C. by
D. of 【答案及解析】1. B 本題考點(diǎn)為介詞與動(dòng)詞的搭配。句意為“我總想從事我一直以來為此被訓(xùn)練的工作。”還原定語從句部分，應(yīng)該是“I'd been trained for the job”。 train作動(dòng)詞意為“訓(xùn)練”，介詞for表目的。
2. I guess we've already talked about this before but I'll ask you again just ______. (2010浙江卷)
A. by nature
B. in return
C. in case
D. by chance 【答案及解析】2. C 考查介詞短語的辨析。句意為“我覺得我們以前已經(jīng)談?wù)撨^這件事情了，但是以防萬一，我還是再問你一次吧。”by nature天生地，天然地；in return作為回報(bào)；in case以防萬一；by chance偶然地，碰巧。 介詞又叫前置詞，是一種虛詞。介詞分為三種： 簡單介詞，如at, in, on, beside, to, for等； 短語介詞，即由兩個(gè)以上的詞組成的短語，如in front of, because of, instead of等； 二重介詞，如until after, from behind等。 介詞的種類
介詞不能獨(dú)立在句中作成分，介詞后必須與名詞、代詞或動(dòng)名詞構(gòu)成介詞短語在句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分，表示人、物、事件等與其他人、物、事件等之間的關(guān)系。 1．作定語：The book _on_the_table is mine.
2．作狀語：We have breakfast at_seven._(表時(shí)間) They were late for meeting because_of the heavy rain. (表原因) They started the machine by_pressing the button. (表方式)
介詞的句法功能
3．作表語：My dictionary is in_the_bag.
4．作賓語補(bǔ)足語：I found him in_the_office.
介詞的句法功能
1．表示時(shí)間的at, in, on at表示片刻的時(shí)間，如：at 8 o'clock，常用詞組有：at noon, at night, at midnight, at the end of, at that time, at the beginning of, at the age of, at Christmas等。 in表示一段時(shí)間，如：in the morning/ afternoon/ evening, in October, in 1998, in summer, in the past, in the future等。 on總是跟日子有關(guān)，如： on Monday, on Christmas morning, on May Day, on a warm morning等。 主要介詞區(qū)別
2．表示時(shí)間的since和from since表示從過去到現(xiàn)在的一段時(shí)間的過程，常與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)連用。from表示從時(shí)間的某一點(diǎn)開始，一般多與現(xiàn)在時(shí)、過去時(shí)、將來時(shí)連用。如： I hope to do morning exercises from_today.
We have not seen each other since_1995.
主要介詞區(qū)別 3. between和 among 一般說來，between表示兩者之間，among用于三者或三者以上的中間。如： You are to sit between your father and me.
He is always happy among his classmate
主要介詞區(qū)別 4．表示“用”的in, by和with with用于有形的工具，或身體某些器官等的方面，其后的名詞多被冠詞或物主代詞等修飾。而in常用于表示材料、方式、方法、度量、單位、語言、聲音等。by后接名詞且名詞前常沒有修飾詞，名詞用原形。如： He is writing a letter with_a_pen.
He wrote the letter in_pencil._ We measured it in_pounds. (按磅計(jì)算) Tell me the story in_English.
by hand靠手工 by ship乘船 by air乘飛機(jī) 主要介詞區(qū)別 5．a(chǎn)s和 like as作“作為”、“以……地位或身份”解。如：Let me speak to you as a father. (事實(shí)是父親) like作“像……一樣”解。如：Let me speak to you like a father. (事實(shí)上不是父親)。 6．in front of 和in the front of in front of ＝ before，是“在……前面”的意思(不在某物內(nèi))；in the front of則是“在……前部”的意思(在某物內(nèi))。如：There is a desk in front of the blackboard.
The boy sat in the front of the car.
主要介詞區(qū)別
1. 表示時(shí)間的in和after
兩者都表示“在(某個(gè)時(shí)間)之后”，區(qū)別在于in表示“在(一段時(shí)間)之后”，而after則表示“在(某一具體時(shí)間點(diǎn))之后”，in短語和將來時(shí)態(tài)連用，after短語和過去時(shí)態(tài)或?qū)頃r(shí)態(tài)連用。如：
We'll be back in three days.
After seven the rain began to fall.
注意：after有時(shí)也可以表示在一段時(shí)間之后(常用在過去時(shí)里)。如：
After two months he returned.
易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)
2. 表示地理位置的in, on, to
in表示在某范圍內(nèi)，on指與什么毗鄰，to指在某環(huán)境范圍之外。如：
Changchun is in the northeast of China.
Mongolia is on_the north of China.
Japan is to the east of China.
3. 表示“穿過……”的through和across
through表示從內(nèi)部通過；across則表示從一端至另一端在表面上的通過。如：
Water flows through the pipe.
The old man walked across the street.
易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)
4. besides, except, but, except for
besides指“除了……還有，再加上”。如：All went out besides me.
except指“除了，減去什么”。如：All went out except me.
but與except意思近似，表示“除了……外”，經(jīng)常用在no, all, nobody, anywhere, everything等和其他疑問詞后面。如：
I never saw him reading anything_but the newspaper.
易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)
except for表示“除……以外”，跟except的區(qū)別在于其后跟的詞與前面所提到的不是同一類別。如：
His diary is good except_for a few spelling mistakes.
易錯(cuò)易混點(diǎn)
5. for與of用于不定式復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu) (1) It is＋adj. ＋of sb. to do sth. ＝ sb. ＋be＋adj. ＋to do sth.
當(dāng)形容詞說明不定式邏輯主語的性質(zhì)、特征時(shí)，用of。常見的此類形容詞有：kind, good, nice, clever, stupid, foolish, considerate, polite, impolite, cruel等。 (2) It is＋adj. ＋for sb. to do sth.
當(dāng)形容詞說明不定式的性質(zhì)時(shí)用for。常見的此類形容詞有：possible, impossible, important, necessary等。如： It is quite important for us to protect our environment.
