B5U1

　　1．So many thousands of terrified people died every_time there was an outbreak. (霍亂)時，就有大批驚恐的人死去。

　　這是由名詞詞組 every time 充當(dāng)連詞的時間狀語從句，， when。，。

　　(1)不定代詞＋time　如：any time, each time... (2)序數(shù)詞＋time　如：the first/last time... (3)the＋瞬時名詞　如：the minute/moment/instant (4)the＋時間名詞　如：the day/night/month/time... ①He brings her flowers every time he goes to see her. 他每次去看她都給她帶花。

　　The first time he did the experiment, he succeeded. 他第一次做實驗就成功了。I‘ll give him your message the minute he arrives. 等他一到，。He bought a computer the day he got his salary. 他發(fā)工資那天買了一臺電腦。

　　[1]　The boys ran off______ they saw the owner of the orchard (果園)． A．a(chǎn)t times

　　B．the hour C．the moment

　　Dat once

　　答案：C

　　解析：句中 the moment 引導(dǎo)時間狀語從句，相當(dāng)于 as soon as。

　　2．Only_if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. only 修飾副詞、，，，、 be放在主語之前。

　　Only then did I realize the mistakes I had made. 只有在那時我才意識到我所犯的錯誤。Only in this way can you make progress. 只有以這種方式你才能取得進步。Only when the war was over in 1949 was he able to get back home.只有在1949年戰(zhàn)爭結(jié)束時他才能回家。

　　if only要是……該多好，但愿。if only從句可單獨使用，這時要用虛擬語氣：表示與過去相反的愿望用 had done；與現(xiàn)在相反的愿望用 did/were；表示與將來相反的愿望用 “would/could/might＋動詞原形”。 ①If only I had gone to Beijing. 我要是去了北京就好了。If only he could come tomorrow. 他要是明天能來就好了。

　　[2]　______both sides accept the agreement will a lasting peace be established in this region. A．Only if

　　BUnless C．If only

　　DAs long as

　　答案：A

　　解析：主句中用了“will＋主語＋be”倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)，故選 Only if。

　　B5U2

　　1．Although, nationwide, these cities are not as large as those in China, they have worldfamous football teams and some of them even have two! 雖然，全國性的，這些城市不如中國的城市大，但是它們擁有世界著名的足球隊，有的城市甚至有兩支！ those 在此為代詞，， cities。

　　one/the one/ones/the ones/that/those/it 這幾個詞都用來指代前面提到的名詞，但是所指內(nèi)容不同。 (1)one 代替上文提到的某個可數(shù)名詞，表示泛指意義，一般指同類事物中的任何一個；而 the one代替上文提到的某個可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)，表示特指。 (2)ones 代替上文提到的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，表泛指，一般指同類事物中的一些；而 the ones指代上文提到的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示特指。

　　(3)that 用來代替上文提到的名詞，可以是可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式，也可以是不可數(shù)名詞，表示特指。如果代替可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)形式，可以與 the one互換。 (4)those是 that的復(fù)數(shù)形式，代替上文提到的可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)形式，表示特指，可與 the ones 互換。 (5)it代替前面的同一事物或同一個人。 ①I want to buy a house, one with a large garden. 我想買一座房子，一座帶有大花園的房子。

　　The little boy doesn't like this apple; he wants the red one. 小男孩不喜歡這個蘋果，。I bought some new chairs. The old ones should be thrown away. 我買了新椅子，。The bike is cheaper than that made in our factory. 這自行車比我們廠生產(chǎn)的要便宜。(thatthe one)

　　⑤The population of China is larger than that of Japan. 中國的人口比日本的多。(that

　　the one 代替) ⑥The cars made here are better than those made in my hometown. 這里生產(chǎn)的小汽車比我家鄉(xiāng)生產(chǎn)的好。—Who is the person that shook hands with the foreigners? 那個和外賓握手的人是誰？ —It is our headmaster. 他是我們的校長。

　　[1]　(1)(2008·濟南模擬)The language used in advertisement differs from ______ used in ordinary reading. A．Which

　　Bwhat C．that

　　Dit

　　答案：C

　　解析：代替前面的 the language應(yīng)用 that。

　　(2)(2007·陜西)—There is still a copy of the book in the library. Will you go and borrow ______？ —No, I'd rather buy ______ in the bookstore. A．it; one

　　Bone; one C．one; it

　　Dit; it

　　答案：A

　　解析：第一空用 it指代上文中提到的那一本書；第二空用 one相當(dāng)于 a copy，泛指“一本”。

　　2．It_seemed_strange_that the man who had developed communism should have lived and died in London.It seems/is strange that...“……有點奇怪”，that ，“should＋動詞原形”，should “竟然”，。

　　“It is natural/important/necessary/a pity/a shame＋that 從句”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句中的謂語動詞也用“should＋動詞原形”結(jié)構(gòu)；should 在這些句型中表示驚訝、氣憤、惋惜等情感。 ①It was strange that he should have said that! 他竟然說那樣的話，真是奇怪！ ②It‘s a pity that he should fail to grasp the chance when it arose. 機會出現(xiàn)時，他竟然沒有抓住，真是遺憾。

　　[即境活用2]　—You just think of yourself! You kept me waiting for at least three hours. —I am sorry that you ______ think so. A．would

　　Bcould C．should

　　Dmight

　　答案：C

　　解析：考查情態(tài)動詞。答句句意：很抱歉你竟然這么想。should 有“竟然”的意思。

　　B5U3

　　1．However, I lost sight of Wang Ping when we reached what looked like a large market because of too wany carriages flying by in all directions.

　　what looked like... 是賓語從句， reached 的賓語。what ，。，， what 誤用做 where。 where是連接副詞，， what 是連接代詞，、、。what ，、、、。What surprised me most was his way of speaking. 最讓我吃驚的是他的說話方式。(what )

　　②She is no longer what she used to be. 她不再是以前的樣子了。(what ) ③We were all confused by what he said. 我們都被他說的話弄迷糊了。(what ) ④He had driven for what seemed three hours. 他開車開了似乎三個小時了。(what ) ⑤They finally reached what was called “a lonely island”． 他們終于來到了一個叫“孤島”的地方。(what )

　　[即境活用1]　(1)(2008·北京)The companies are working together to create ______ they hope will be the best means of transport in the 21st century. A．whichB．that C．what

　　Dwho

　　答案：C

　　解析：句意：這些公司正在一起努力創(chuàng)造他們所希望的21世紀最好的交通方式。what 引導(dǎo)賓語從句，在從句中做主語。 which “哪一個”，who “誰”，that 在名詞性從句中不充當(dāng)成分。

　　(2)(2007·浙江)Why not try your luck downtown, Bob? That's ______ the best jobs are. A．where

　　Bwhat C．when

　　Dwhy

　　答案：A

　　解析：句意：為什么不去市中心碰碰運氣呢，鮑勃？在那個地方有最好的工作。where 在此引導(dǎo)表語從句，在從句中做狀語。

　　2．Exhausted,_I slid into bed and fell fast asleep.exhausted為形容詞在句中做伴隨狀語。He spent seven days in the wind and snow, cold and hungry.他又冷又餓地在風(fēng)雪中過了7天。For a moment she just stood there, unable to believe what had just happened.她在那兒呆呆地站了一會兒，。He lay on the bed, awake. 他躺在床上，。

　　The boy lay, relaxed on the sofa. 小男孩放松地躺在沙發(fā)上。Confused by the new surroundings, I was hit by the lack of fresh air.新的環(huán)境把我弄得心煩意亂的，，。

　　[2]　(2008·北京)After the long journey, the three of them went back home, ______. A．hungry and tiredly B．hungry and tired C．hungrily and tiredly D．hungrily and tired

　　B

　　解析：句意：長途旅游后，他們?nèi)齻€回到了家，又餓又累。本題考查形容詞做狀語，表示伴隨或結(jié)果。

　　2. 形容詞做狀語 [應(yīng)用2]　(1)______ at her success, her parents took her to an expensive restaurant to celebrate. A．To delight

　　BTo be delighted C．Delighted

　　DDelighting

　　答案：C

　　(2)He lay in bed all night, ______. A．wake

　　Bawake C．waken

　　Dwoke

　　答案：B

　　(3)After his journey from abroad, Richard Jones returned home, ______. A．exhausting

　　Bexhausted C．being exhausted

　　Dhaving exhausted

　　答案：B

　　解析：形容詞exhausted意為“(感到)精疲力竭的”，在此處做狀語，說明主語的特征；exhausting意為“令人精疲力竭的”，常指事物；being exhausted僅能做狀語，表示原因，此處與語境不符。

　　(4)－Why did John ask me about the problem? －______， he tried to find a better way to settle it. A．Not to be satisfied

　　BNot satisfied C．Not being satisfied

　　DDon’t satisfy

　　答案：B

　　解析：過去分詞做原因狀語，not satisfied相當(dāng)于because he was not satisfied。A項，表目的；C項，強調(diào)動作，此處表狀態(tài)；D項，不符合句子結(jié)構(gòu)。

　　B5U4

　　10．so as to do sth. (做)……(引導(dǎo)目的狀語，不放于句首) in order to 以便，(引導(dǎo)目的狀語，) so...as to 如此……以致(引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語) in order that 為了，(引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句) so that 為了……；結(jié)果……(引導(dǎo)目的或結(jié)果狀語從句) so...that... 如此……以至于(引導(dǎo)結(jié)果狀語從句)

　　[即學(xué)即練10](1)He ran quickly ____________/______________ catch the last bus. 他跑得很快以便趕上末班車。(2)We turned on the light __________/_________________we might see what it was. ＝We turned on the light _____________ see what it was.我們把燈打開，。(3)She is ______ angry ____________ say a word in front of him.她如此生氣以致在他面前說不出一句話。

　　so as toin order to//so that/in order that//so as to//so as to

　　提示：當(dāng)用 so as to, in order to時，句子前后動作的主語須一致。否則，用 so that, in order that。

　　1．Never_will Zhou Yang(ZY) forget his first assignment at the office of a popular English newspaper.Not_only_am I interested in photography, but I took an amateur course at university to update my skills.

　　對攝影我不僅只是感興趣，在大學(xué)里我還專修過業(yè)余攝影課來更新我的技術(shù)。

　　(1)在以具有否定意義的副詞、，。

　　(2)rarely, never, scarcely, no sooner, little, few, hardly, seldom, at no time, in no way, on no account, nowhere, nobody, not only等。

　　②Not only does he know French, but also he is an expert at it.他不僅懂法語，而且很精通。

　　③Seldom does he go to the park at weekends.

　　在周末，他很少去公園。

　　[即境活用1]　______I had a few problems to deal with.

　　A．Hardly have I arrived when

　　B．Hardly did I arrive than

　　C．Hardly had I arrived when

　　D．Hardly had I arrived than

　　解析：本題考查hardly...when句式的倒裝語序。具有否定意義的詞hardly位于句首，句子要用倒裝語序，注意該句式只倒裝主句，when從句不變。

　　答案：C

　　2．His discussion with his new boss, Hu Xin (HX), was_to strongly influence his life as journalist.

　　be to do在句中表示不可避免將要發(fā)生或命中注定的事情，，。

　　①表示“注定要發(fā)生……”

　　②預(yù)先安排好的計劃或約定

　　③表示說話人的意圖、職責(zé)、義務(wù)、命令等情態(tài)意義。

　　(2)be about to do sth. 表“馬上要做某事，某事即將發(fā)生”，通常不與時間狀語連用。

　　(3)be going to do sth. 表打算、想法或某種傾向，用于非正式文體。也可用來表示很可能發(fā)生的事或自然現(xiàn)象。

　　①The experience was to change her life.

　　這次經(jīng)歷必會改變她的一生。

　　②No one is to leave the building without the police's permission.沒有警方的允許，沒有一個人可以離開樓房。

　　③We are to finish the work before five this afternoon.

　　我們預(yù)定今天下午五點前完成任務(wù)。

　　④The book was not to be found.

　　那本書根本不可能找到。

　　[即境活用2]　None of them ever thought their products ______ such an important role in the computer market 20 years later.

　　A．were to play

　　B．played

　　C．would have played

　　D．had played

　　解析：考查 be to do 表示“注定會……，一定……”。

　　答案：A

　　3．Have you ever had a case where someone accused your journalists of getting the wrong end of the stick? (她)們的報道完全失實？

　　case “情況”，在本句中為先行詞，where 引導(dǎo)定語從句，在從句中做地點狀語，相當(dāng)于 in the case。當(dāng)先行詞為 case, point, situation, position等時，常用 where 引導(dǎo)定語從句。

　　①Can you think of a situation where this word can be used？你能想出能使用這個單詞的語境嗎？

　　②We are in a position where we may lose a large sum of money.我們在這種處境下可能會損失大量金錢。

　　③He has reached the point where a change is needed.

　　他到了必須改一改的地步。

　　[即境活用3]　Today, we'll discuss a number of cases ______ beginners of English fail to use the language properly.

　　A．which

　　B．a(chǎn)s

　　C．why

　　D．where

　　解析：考查定語從句。當(dāng)先行詞是 case, point, situation 等詞時，若定語從句中缺狀語，用 where引導(dǎo)該從句。

　　答案：D

　　4．So we arranged an interview between the footballer and the man supposed to bribe him.因此我們安排這名球員和被認為行賄的人一起接受采訪。

　　句中supposed to bribe him是過去分詞短語做定語，修飾the man，相當(dāng)于一個定語從句the man who was supposed to bribe him。

　　(1)be supposed to do sth. 意為“應(yīng)當(dāng)做……”或“認為做……是必須的”。如：

　　①He is supposed to be here in about an hour.

　　他大約一小時后到。

　　②He was supposed to be a college graduate but he knew nothing of history.

　　按說他是大學(xué)畢業(yè)生，但他對歷史一點兒也不知道。

　　(2)be supposed to have done sth. 則意為“理應(yīng)做過某事(但可能沒有做)”，這里有虛擬的含義。

　　Jack is supposed to have finished his work now.

　　杰克現(xiàn)在應(yīng)當(dāng)已經(jīng)完成工作了。

　　拓展：suppose sb./sth. to be... 認為某人/某物是……

　　It is supposed that－clause 人們認為……

　　be supposed to be... 被認為/料想是……

　　be supposed to do sth. 被期望，應(yīng)該；獲準(用