2. acquaintance n. 泛泛之交, 熟人; 略有交情,

　　(與某人)認(rèn)識(shí), 熟悉 【填一填?激活思維】 ①I _____ _____ ____________ ____ the language.

　　我對(duì)這門語(yǔ)言稍懂一些。 ②I _____ ___ ____________ __ Tom when on holiday in Spain.

　　我是在西班牙度假時(shí)結(jié)識(shí)湯姆的。 have some acquaintance with made the acquaintance of 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 have acquaintance with認(rèn)識(shí), 了解, 熟悉 make one’s acquaintance/make the acquaintance of sb.

　　和某人相識(shí), 認(rèn)識(shí)某人 3. keep pace with (與……)步調(diào)一致, (與……)同步 【填一填?激活思維】 ①He said that oil production had not ____ ____ ____ growing

　　demand.

　　他說(shuō), 石油生產(chǎn)無(wú)法跟上日益增長(zhǎng)的需求。 ②(2011·北京高考)I didn’t have a good sense of balance, nor

　　did I have the ability to _____ ____ ____ the others on the team.

　　我沒有好的平衡感, 也沒有與隊(duì)里其他人保持步調(diào)一致的能力。 kept pace with keep pace with 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 keep away from

　　遠(yuǎn)離, 使避開 keep up with 跟上, 不落在后面 keep out of

　　置身于……之外, 使不參與或不卷入 keep ahead of　

　　保持對(duì)……的領(lǐng)先地位 4. focus vi. & vt. 集中注意力于……; (使)聚焦 　 n. 焦點(diǎn); 重點(diǎn) 【填一填?激活思維】 ①He _______ the sun’s rays ___ a paper with a burning glass.

　　他用一面凸透鏡把陽(yáng)光聚焦在紙上。 ②All eyes _____ _______ ___ him when he came in.

　　他進(jìn)來(lái)時(shí)大家都注視著他。 focused on were focused on 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 focus on/upon 集中于, 以……為重點(diǎn), 把注意力集中于 focus one’s eyes/attention/mind on sth.

　　把某人的視線/注意力/思想集中于某事/物 the focus of attention

　　關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn) *He focused his mind on his lessons.

　　他把心思集中在功課上。 *Health and environmental problems have increasingly become the focus of attention.

　　健康問(wèn)題和環(huán)境問(wèn)題日益成為人們關(guān)注的焦點(diǎn)。 【看一看?巧學(xué)助記】 聚焦focus 【拓展延伸】 表達(dá)“集中于, 專心于”還可用concentrate on, center on, keep one’s mind on, devote oneself to, be absorbed in。 *I’m going to concentrate on my writing for a while.

　　我打算集中精力寫作一段時(shí)間。 5. remark n. & vi. 評(píng)論, 談?wù)?【填一填?激活思維】 ①As for your second question, let me just _____ __ ____ _____

　　_______ on it.

　　至于你的第二個(gè)問(wèn)題, 我用很簡(jiǎn)短的話來(lái)回答。 ②Professor Smith _________ ___ the difference between the

　　two dictionaries.

　　史密斯教授談到了這兩本詞典的不同之處。 make a very brief remark remarked on 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 make a remark on/about 對(duì)……做出評(píng)論 remark on/upon 　

　　評(píng)論, 議論, 談?wù)?6. argue vi. 爭(zhēng)吵, 爭(zhēng)論 【填一填?激活思維】用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空。 ①The children are arguing ____ their parents __________

　　where to spend their holiday.

　　孩子們正在與父母爭(zhēng)論到哪里度假的問(wèn)題。 ②Do you argue ___ or _______ the economic reform?

　　你是贊成還是反對(duì)經(jīng)濟(jì)改革?

　　with about/over for against 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 argue with sb. about/over sth. 　

　　與某人爭(zhēng)論某事 argue for/against sth. 　 贊成/反對(duì)某事 argue sb. into/out of doing sth. 　 說(shuō)服某人做/不做某事 argue that-clause 　主張/認(rèn)為…… *Jack argued me into buying the shirt.

　　杰克說(shuō)服我買那件襯衫。 *Columbus argued that the earth was round.

　　哥倫布認(rèn)為地球是圓的。 7. apologize vi. 道歉 【填一填?激活思維】 ①You have to _________ __ _____ ______ ___ your being rude

　　to him.

　　你要為你的粗魯而向你的朋友道歉。 ②Why didn’t you _____ ___ _______ __ ____ ___ not keeping

　　your word?

　　你為什么不為沒有信守諾言而向他道歉呢?

　　apologize to your friend for make an apology to him for 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 apologize to sb.

　　make an apology to sb.

　　offer sb. an apology accept/refuse one’s apology 　 接受/拒絕某人的道歉 owe sb. an apology 　應(yīng)向某人道歉 *You owe him an apology for what you said.

　　你要為你所說(shuō)的話向他道歉。 for (doing) sth. 因(做)某事而向某人道歉 8. blame vt. 責(zé)備, 指責(zé); 把……歸咎于 n. (壞事或錯(cuò)事的)責(zé)任; 責(zé)備, 指責(zé) 【填一填?激活思維】 ①She _______ ____ ___ the failure of their marriage.

　　她把婚姻的失敗歸咎于他。 ②Which driver __ __ ______ ___ the traffic accident?

　　哪個(gè)司機(jī)應(yīng)對(duì)這起交通事故承擔(dān)責(zé)任?

　　blamed him for is to blame for 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 blame sb. for (doing) sth. 　責(zé)備某人(做)某事 blame sth. on sb.

　　把某事歸咎于某人 be to blame for sth. 　應(yīng)為某事承擔(dān)責(zé)任, 該為某事受責(zé)備 put/lay the blame for sth. on sb. 把某事歸咎于某人 *It was more than I could bear when she blamed all the failure on me. = It was more than I could bear when she put the blame for all the failure on me.

　　當(dāng)她把所有的失敗歸咎于我的時(shí)候我忍無(wú)可忍了。 【辨一辨?明晰異同】 blame 指對(duì)做錯(cuò)事的人、不良行為等的責(zé)備, 常譯為“責(zé)備, 責(zé)怪, 歸咎于”; be to blame for sth. 表示“某人因?yàn)槟呈略撌艿截?zé)備”, 要用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義 scold 表示因?yàn)閼嵟舐暤刎?zé)備, 多指上級(jí)對(duì)下級(jí)、長(zhǎng)輩對(duì)晚輩、雇主對(duì)雇員以粗暴或激烈的言辭對(duì)對(duì)方進(jìn)行數(shù)落。常用結(jié)構(gòu): scold sb. for (doing) sth. 9. respond vi. 做出反應(yīng), 回應(yīng) 【填一填?激活思維】 一句多譯。 他對(duì)我的建議報(bào)之一笑。 ①He _________ __ my suggestion with a laugh.

　　②He laughed __ ________ __ my suggestion.

　　responded to in response to 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 respond to　

　　對(duì)……做出反應(yīng); 答復(fù) response

　　n. 反應(yīng), 響應(yīng), 回復(fù) make a response 　做出響應(yīng), 做出回復(fù) in response to 對(duì)……做出反應(yīng) *(2024·北京高考)Their responses to risk turn out to be different.

　　他們對(duì)冒險(xiǎn)的回應(yīng)結(jié)果是不同的。 *He opened the door in response to a knock.

　　他應(yīng)敲門聲而開了門。 【核心短語(yǔ)】 10. get through通過(guò); 完成; 用完; (用電話)接通 【填一填?激活思維】觀察句子, 寫出黑體部分的含義。 ①The tunnel is wide enough for three boats to get through

　　at the same time. (

　　) ②I have tried several times, but I fail to get through to the

　　manager. (

　　) ③The three of us will leave as soon as we get through the

　　work. (

　　) ④He has got through all the money I lent him. (

　　) 通過(guò) 接通電話 完成 用完 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 get about/around走動(dòng); 傳播開來(lái) get away from　 避免, 擺脫; 逃離 get away with　

　　僥幸逃脫懲罰 get down to 開始認(rèn)真做…… get over克服; 從(疾病、震驚中)恢復(fù)過(guò)來(lái) get on/along with與……相處; 在……方面取得進(jìn)展 11. end up 最后成為; 最終處于 【填一填?激活思維】 ①If he goes on driving like that, he’ll ____ ___ _____.

　　如果他繼續(xù)照那樣開車, 他早晚得死于非命。 ②You could ____ ___ _______ this company if you play

　　your cards right.

　　你要是處理得當(dāng), 到頭來(lái)這個(gè)公司能歸你掌管。 ③He will ____ ___ __ a famous singer some day.

　　終有一天他會(huì)成為一位著名的歌唱家。 end up dead end up running end up as 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 end up + adj. /v. -ing　 最后, 最終…… end up as sth. /sb. 最終成為或變?yōu)椤?end up with

　　以……結(jié)束(后接表示具體事物的名詞) end up in 　

　　以……結(jié)束 *As a result, you end up with the agreement.

　　結(jié)果最終你得到的是這樣的協(xié)議。 *After all, plenty of people end up in jobs that have nothing to do with what they studied.

　　畢竟很多人都在從事著和自己所學(xué)無(wú)關(guān)的職業(yè)。 12. rely on 依靠, 依賴; 信任 【填一填?激活思維】 ①You can’t ____ ___ the weather.

　　天氣是靠不住的。 ②You can ____ ___ ___ __ keep your secret.

　　你盡管相信我, 我一定為你保密。 rely on rely on me to 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 rely on sb. /sth.

　　依靠某人/某物 rely on sb. to do sth. 　指望/信任某人做某事 rely on it that. . .

　　相信…… *You may rely on it that he will come to meet you.

　　你放心好了, 他會(huì)來(lái)見你的。 【悟一悟?參透誤區(qū)】 當(dāng)rely on和depend on表示“依靠; 依賴”含義時(shí), 基本是一樣的。當(dāng)表示“由……決定”這個(gè)含義時(shí), 用depend on。 *Whether we will go there or not depends on the weather.

　　我們是否去那里, 要看天氣情況。(即由天氣決定) 【拓展延伸】 it代替從句作形式賓語(yǔ)時(shí)的幾種特殊結(jié)構(gòu):

　　(1)動(dòng)詞＋it＋when/if 從句。此類動(dòng)詞有appreciate, enjoy, like, dislike, love, hate, prefer等。 We would much appreciate it if you could do us this favour.

　　要是你們能幫我們這個(gè)忙, 我們將非常感激。 (2)動(dòng)詞 + it + 介詞短語(yǔ) + that從句。例如: bring it to one’s attention that. . . ; owe it to sb. that. . . ; take it for granted that. . . 。 Don’t take it for granted that they will support you.

　　不要想當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為他們會(huì)支持你。 (3)動(dòng)詞 + 介詞(短語(yǔ)) + it + that從句。例如: depend on it that. . . , see to it that. . . 。 You may depend on it that Tom will help you with your English. 你放心, 湯姆會(huì)幫助你學(xué)英語(yǔ)的。 【經(jīng)典句式】 13. However, if I had ended our friendship, we would have

　　both learnt nothing.

　　但是, 如果當(dāng)初我終止了我們的友誼, 那我們倆都會(huì)一無(wú)所 得。 【填一填?激活思維】仿寫句子。 ①If you _________yesterday, you ______________him.

　　如果你昨天來(lái)的話, 你就見到他了。 ②If you _________earlier, you _________________the bus.

　　如果你來(lái)得更早一些的話, 你就趕上那班公共汽車了。 had come would have met had come would have caught 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 (1)本句為虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法, if條件從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用had done, 主句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用would have done, 表示對(duì)過(guò)去情況的假設(shè)。 (2)如果虛擬條件句中的if從句部分謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞出現(xiàn)了had, should, were, 則可以將這個(gè)if條件從句的連詞if省略, 而將had, should, were提到句首, 構(gòu)成部分倒裝。 *Had he taken my advice, he would not have made such a mistake.

　　如果他聽我的建議的話, 他就不會(huì)犯這樣的錯(cuò)誤了。 【拓展延伸】虛擬語(yǔ)氣的特別呈現(xiàn)形式 在很多情況下, 對(duì)虛擬句的考查并不直接呈現(xiàn)假設(shè)的條件, 而是要通過(guò)特定的形式來(lái)呈現(xiàn):

　　①上下文語(yǔ)境 ②without/but for +名詞(短語(yǔ)) ③陳述句+otherwise +虛擬主句 ④虛擬主句+but+陳述句 (此種用法在英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法中稱為“含蓄虛擬條件句”, 高考中常要求考生正確體會(huì)所設(shè)問(wèn)題在某個(gè)特定語(yǔ)境中所反映的事件的時(shí)間特征, 從而對(duì)虛擬句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式做出正確的判斷。) *But for his help, we would be working now.

　　要不是他的幫助, 我們現(xiàn)在還在工作呢。 *Without your instruction, I would not have made such great progress.

　　要是沒有你的指導(dǎo), 我不會(huì)取得如此大的進(jìn)步。 *We didn’t know his telephone number; otherwise we would have telephoned him.

　　我們不知道他的電話號(hào)碼, 否則我們就會(huì)給他打電話。 【要點(diǎn)拾遺】 1. manner n. 方式, 方法; 態(tài)度, 舉止

　　n. [pl. ] 禮貌; 規(guī)矩; 風(fēng)俗 【填一填?激活思維】 ①Robert patted her on the head __ __ _______ _______.

　　羅伯特用友好的方式輕拍她的頭。 ②Jack blames me, and __ __ _______, he’s right.

　　杰克責(zé)備我, 從某種意義上來(lái)說(shuō), 他是對(duì)的。 ③__ ____ _______ you can start sharing your value immediately.

　　用這種方式, 你可以立即開始分享你的價(jià)值。 in a friendly manner in a manner In this manner 【記一記?構(gòu)建知識(shí)】 in a. . . manner以……方式 in a manner 　在某種意義上; 在某種程度上 in this manner 以這種方式, 如此 【悟一悟?參透誤區(qū)】 manner表示“禮貌, 規(guī)矩, 習(xí)俗”時(shí)為復(fù)數(shù)用法, 故要用manners。good manners有禮貌; bad manners沒禮貌。 【拓展延伸】 表示“在某種意義上, 在某種程度上”還可用: in a sense, in a way。 必修 5 Unit 1　Getting along with others 【話題詞匯】 1. friend　 n. 朋友

　　2. partner

　　n. 合作伙伴

　　3. honest　adj. 坦誠(chéng)的 4. personaladj. 私人的 5. upset　 adj. 心煩的, 不高興 6. grateful　 　adj. 感激的 7. preciousadj. 珍貴的 8. communicatev. 交流; 溝通 9. dislike　

　　n. &vt. 不喜歡, 厭惡 10. admire　

　　v. 佩服

　　11. compete

　　v. 競(jìng)爭(zhēng)

　　12. share v. 共享

　　13. trust　 　

　　v. 信任 14. believe in

　　信任 15. live together　

　　生活在一起 16. give sb. a hand

　　幫助某人 17. think highly of　高度評(píng)價(jià) 18. be ready to help others　

　　樂于助人 【經(jīng)典語(yǔ)篇】 你的朋友杰克寫信給你敘述了以下內(nèi)容: 1. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)現(xiàn)在很多學(xué)生很自私, 不在乎友誼。2. 他覺得父母與老師不理解他。3. 他發(fā)現(xiàn)生活沒有樂趣。作為好朋友請(qǐng)以湯姆的身份給他寫一封120個(gè)詞左右的回信解決他的煩惱。主要內(nèi)容:

　　1. 不是所有人都自私, 要學(xué)會(huì)溝通; 2. 學(xué)會(huì)與父母和老師真誠(chéng)溝通;

　　3. 把注意力多集中在學(xué)習(xí)上。 Dear Jack,

　　［點(diǎn)明問(wèn)題］ Here I am writing to you to reply to your letter. From your letter, I know maybe you are not getting along well with your new classmates.

　　［原因及建議］ Perhaps several of them are selfish. But I am sure most of them should be friendly. Just try to communicate with them. Then it comes to your misunderstanding between you and your parents and your teachers. ①I think it is you who are to blame. You must have been told that both our parents and our teachers are kind to us. So talk with them sincerely to solve the problem. ②Please pay more attention to your study, and you will find happiness in the knowledge.

　　［鼓勵(lì)及祝愿］And remember: you are always my best friend. ③I hope you can be surrounded by happiness every moment.

　　Yours,

　　　Tom 【厚積薄發(fā)】 Ⅰ. 完成句子 (1)You must _____________me.

　　你要對(duì)我坦誠(chéng)。 (2)The boss seems to _____________you.

　　上司似乎很器重你。 (3)My teammates ____________________________________ __________________.

　　我的隊(duì)友們不僅自信而且樂于助人。 be honest with think highly of not only believe in themselves but are also ready to help others Ⅱ. 句型轉(zhuǎn)換 (1)把句①的強(qiáng)調(diào)句型改為一般句。 ______________________ (2)把句②變?yōu)楹琲f引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句的句子。 ______________________________________________ ________________________ (3)把句③變?yōu)楹?jiǎn)單句。 _________________________________________________ I think you are to blame. If you pay more attention to your study, you will find happiness in the knowledge. I wish you to be surrounded by happiness every moment. Ⅰ. 單詞?分類記憶 【核心單詞】不可不記 1. _______ (vi. & vt. )　 假裝; 裝扮, 扮作 2. _____ (vt. & vi. ) 發(fā)誓; 鄭重承諾; 咒罵, 說(shuō)臟話 3. _____ (vi. & vt. ) 集中注意力于……; (使)聚焦 (n. )

　　焦點(diǎn); 重點(diǎn) 4. _______ (n. & vi. ) 　 評(píng)論, 談?wù)?5. ______ (vt. ) 責(zé)備, 指責(zé)

　　(n. ) (壞事或錯(cuò)事的)責(zé)任; 責(zé)備, 指責(zé) pretend swear focus remark blame 6. _________ (vt. )

　　克服, 解決 7. _______ (n. )

　　態(tài)度, 看法 8. ______ (vt. & vi. )承認(rèn); 允許進(jìn)入, 接納 →_________ (n. )承認(rèn); 錄取, 允許進(jìn)入 9. _______ (vt. ) 原諒, 寬恕→__________(n. )原諒, 寬恕 10. _______ (n. ) 方式; 態(tài)度, 舉止→________ (n. ) 禮貌 11. _____ (vi. ) 爭(zhēng)吵, 爭(zhēng)論→_________ (n. )論證, 論據(jù); 爭(zhēng)吵 12. _________ (vi. ) 道歉→_______ (n. )道歉 13. _______ (vi. )做出反應(yīng), 回應(yīng) →________ (n. ) 響應(yīng); 反應(yīng); 回答 overcome attitude admit admission forgive forgiveness manner manners argue argument apologize apology respond response 【高頻單詞】不可不知 14. ______(vt. ) 　

　　出賣, 背叛 15. _________ (adj. ) 　

　　令人尷尬的, 別扭的; 笨拙的 16. ________ (adj. ) 易生氣的; 敏感的; 體貼的 17. ____________ (n. ) 　泛泛之交, 熟人; 略有交情, (與某人)認(rèn)識(shí) 18．________ (adj. ) 愉快的, 高興的; 令人愉快的→_____ (n. ) 歡呼聲, 歡樂的氣氛(v. ) (使)高興; (為……)加油 betray awkward sensitive acquaintance cheerful cheer 19. _____ (adj. ) 內(nèi)疚的; 有罪的→____ (n. ) 過(guò)失; 內(nèi)疚 20. __________ (n. ) 娛樂, 消遣 →______ (vt. ) 娛樂, 消遣, 使發(fā)笑; 使愉快 21. ________ (adj. )小心的, 謹(jǐn)慎的→_________ (adv. )小心地,