2024屆高考英語二輪復習課件：閱讀理解五 3

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　　· 英語路漫漫其修遠兮吾將上下而求索高考二輪總復習第一部分微專題強化練五　閱讀理解第一部分 3　詞義猜測題考向分析考題引路強化訓練 2 3 1 易錯防范 4 考向分析年份試題詞義猜測題數命題趨勢 2024 卷Ⅰ 2 題數基本穩定，增加對短語理解考查力度。卷Ⅱ 1 2024 卷Ⅰ 1 卷Ⅱ 1 考題引路 Passage 1 (2024·課標全國Ⅰ·C) Salvador Dali (1904-1989) was one of the most popular of modern artists.The Pompidou Centre in Paris is showing its respect and admiration for the artist and his powerful personality with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces，most importantly The Persistence of Memory.There is also L'Enigme sans Fin from 1938，works on paper，objects，and projects for stage and screen and selected parts from television programmes reflecting the artist's showman qualities. The visitor will enter the World of Dali through an egg and is met with the beginning，the world of birth.The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain. The exhibition shows how Dali draws the viewer between two infinities (無限)．“From the infinity small to the infinity large，contraction and expansion coming in and out of focus: amazing Flemish accuracy and the showy Baroque of old painting that he used in his museum-theatre in Figueras，” explains the Pompidou Centre. The fine selection of the major works was done in close collaboration (合作)with the Museo Nacional Reina Sofia in Madrid，Spain，and with contributions from other institutions like the Salvador Dali Museum in St.Petersburg，Florida. 立意與點撥：本文介紹了巴黎蓬皮杜藝術中心正在展覽最受歡迎的現代藝術家之一薩爾瓦多·達利的藝術作品，并對此次展覽的作品、展覽的形式、展品的來源等進行了介紹。 1．Which of the following best describes Dali according to Paragraph 1? A．Optimistic. B．Productive. C．Generous. D．Traditional. 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據文章第一段第二句．..with an exhibition bringing together over 200 paintings，sculptures，drawings and more.可知，達利的作品數量很多，這和productive(多產的)相呼應，故選B項。 2．What is Dali's The Persistence of Memory considered to be? A．One of his masterworks. B．A successful screen adaptation. C．An artistic creation for the stage. D．One of the best TV programmes. 答案：A　細節理解題。根據文章第一段第三句Among the works and masterworks on exhibition the visitor will find the best pieces，most importantly The Persistence of Memory.可知，《記憶的永恒》是達利的杰作之一，故選A項。 3．How are the exhibits arranged at the World of Dali? A．By popularity. B．By importance. C．By size and shape. D．By time and subject. 答案：D　細節理解題。根據文章第二段第二句The exhibition follows a path of time and subject with the visitor exiting through the brain.可知，該展覽是根據時間和主題來布展的，故選D項。 4．What does the word “contributions” in the last paragraph refer to? A．Artworks. B．Projects. C．Donations. D．Documents. 答案：A　詞義猜測題。最后一段提到該展覽中的主要作品是通過與不同機構組織的合作而精選出的，所以contribution應指文中的major works，即藝術品，故選A項。 Passage 2 (2024·課標全國Ⅰ·B) Passenger pigeons (旅鴿)once flew over much of the United States in unbelievable numbers.Written accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries described flocks (群)so large that they darkened the sky for hours. It was calculated that when its population reached its highest point，there were more than 3 billion passenger pigeons—a number equal to 24 to 40 percent of the total bird population in the United States, making it perhaps the most abundant bird in the world.Even as late as 1870 when their numbers had already become smaller, a flock believed to be 1 mile wide and 320 miles (about 515 kilometers) long was seen near Cincinnati. Sadly the abundance of passenger pigeons may have been their undoing. Where the birds were most abundant，people believed there was an ever-lasting supply and killed them by the thousands.Commercial hunters attracted them to small clearings with grain, waited until pigeons had settled to feed, then threw large nets over them, taking hundreds at a time.The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants. By the closing decades of the 19th century，the hardwood forests where passenger pigeons nested had been damaged by Americans' need for wood, which scattered (驅散) the flocks and forced the birds to go farther north, where cold temperatures and spring storms contributed to their decline.Soon the great flocks were gone, never to be seen again. In 1897, the state of Michigan passed a law prohibiting the killing of passenger pigeons，but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900.For a time, a few birds survived under human care.The last of them, known affectionately as Martha, died at the Cincinnati Zoological Garden on September 1, 1914. 立意與點撥：本文介紹了美國的旅鴿滅絕的原因與經歷。旅鴿的數量曾經多到飛行時能夠遮天蔽日，后來人類的濫捕濫殺和對它們棲息地的破壞導致了它們的滅絕。 1．In the 18th and early 19th centuries, passenger pigeons______. A．were the biggest bird in the world B．lived mainly in the south of America C．did great harm to the natural environment D．were the largest bird population in the US 答案：D　推理判斷題。根據第一段第二句以及第二段第一句可知，在18世紀和19世紀初，旅鴿的數量占到了美國鳥類總量的24%至40%，這一結果可能使其成為全世界最多數量的鳥類。由此可推斷出，旅鴿當時是美國數量最多的鳥類。 2．The underlined word “undoing” probably refers to the pigeons'______. A．escape B．ruin C．liberation D．evolution 答案：B　詞義猜測題。根據文章第三段畫線單詞之后敘述的內容可知鴿子被當作城市飯店中的食物，遭受了長期大量的捕殺，可判斷出畫線單詞所在句子的意思是說鴿子的數量遭受了“毀滅性”的打擊。因此可知，畫線單詞的意思應該是“毀滅、破壞”與選項中的ruin的意思最接近。 3．What was the main reason for people to kill passenger pigeons? A．To seek pleasure. B．To save other birds. C．To make money. D．To protect crops. 答案：C　推理判斷題。根據第三段最后一句話“The birds were shipped to large cities and sold in restaurants.”可知，鴿子被捕捉后被運往大城市賣給了各個餐廳，由此可推斷出人們捕殺鴿子主要是為了掙錢。 4．What can we infer about the law passed in Michigan? A．It was ignored by the public. B．It was declared too late. C．It was unfair. D．It was strict. 答案：B　推理判斷題。根據最后一段中的“...but by then, no sizable flocks had been seen in the state for 10 years.The last confirmed wild pigeon in the United States was shot by a boy in Pike County, Ohio, in 1900.”制定法律的時候，已有十年時間都沒有看見成規模的鴿群了，再根據其后說的在法律制定的三年后即1990年時連最后一只被確認的野旅鴿也死亡了，說明了宣布實施這部法律時為時已晚。強化訓練（點此鏈接）易錯防范

　　斷章取義，忽視邏輯 What is eBay? The simple answer is that it is a global trading platform where nearly anyone can trade practically anything. People can sell and buy all kinds of products and goods, including cars, movies and DVDs, sporting goods, travel tickets, musical instruments, clothes and shoes—the list goes on and on. The idea came from Peter Omidyar, who was born in Paris and moved to Washington when he was still a child. At high school, he became very interested in computer programming and after graduating from Tuft University in 1988, he worked for the next few years as a computer engineer. In his free time he started eBay as a kind of hobby, at first offering the service free by word of mouth. By 1996 there was so much traffic on the website that he had to upgrade(升級) and he began charging a fee to members. Joined by a friend, Peter Skill, and in 1998 by his capable CEO, Meg Whitman, he has never looked back. Even in the great.com crashes of the late 1990s, eBay has gone from strength to strength. It is now one of the ten most visited online shopping websites on the Internet. Q．From “he has never looked back” in Paragraph 2 we learn that Pierre ________. A．did not feel lonely B．was always hopeful C．did not think about the past D．became more and more successful 錯誤分析：如果只看Joined by a friend, Peter Skill, and in 1998 by his capable CEO, Meg Whitman, he has never looked back. “有了朋友Peter Skill和1998年能力過人的首席執行官Meg Whitman的加入，他再也沒有回頭。”容易誤選B或C，認為他有了幫手后信心大增，對未來充滿希望了。答案：D　此題是猜測詞義及推理判斷題，根據文章理解短語“look back”的具體意思。這類題考查目的是，讓考生以上下文內容為參考，嘗試理解文中出現的生詞或短語。而文章中出現這個生詞的位置，往往下文中出現的內容是對這個詞的解釋、說明、舉例等。在he has never looked back之后，緊接著出現了Even in the great.com crashes of the late 1990s, eBay has gone from strength to strength. It is now one of the ten most visited online shopping websites on the Internet. “ 盡管在20世紀90年代出現網絡崩潰，eBay還是一步一步的壯大了，成為網絡購物10個訪問量最大的網絡市場之一”，說明彼得事業的成功，因此答案應該為D。做這類題目一定要看具體的上下文，不能斷章取義，不注意與原文內容的聯系。