山西省2024高考英語二輪復習專題訓練：閱讀理解（45）

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　　閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個選項（A、B、C和D）中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。

　　July 16th was a bad day for Mr. Arthur Johnson. In the morning, he set off from his home in Santa Barbara, California. It was the start of his summer holidays and he decided to visit friends at Las Vegas，then he hoped to go fishing in Lake Mead, from Las Vegas.

　　Johnson’s troubles started while he was driving happily across the Mojave Desert. His car went wrong and he tried to repair it .Then, to make matters worse, his attempts to start the car drained (耗盡)the battery and left it useless. After Johnson had waited an hour in the hot sun, a Canadian driver, John Williams, stopped and tried to help him. When both men failed, Williams promised to telephone a workshop to ask it to send a truck to pull the car away and repair its fuel pump (燃泵).

　　Johnson left the keys in his car and sat in the shade of a large tree. Soon he fell asleep. While he was sleeping, a repair truck arrived from San Pedro (the nearest town) and pulled his car away. Later on, Johnson woke up and thought that somebody had stolen his car. He started to walk back towards San Pedro but a police car stopped him to find out why he was walking in the desert.

　　Johnson looked like a man wanted (通輯的) in Los Angeles for robbery, so the police detained (拘留) him at San Pedro for the night. The next day, Johnson telephoned his friends in Los Angeles. They drove to San Pedro and made the police believe that Johnson was a harmless salesman, so they set him free.

　　1. Johnson’s car went wrong_______.

　　A. after he had passed San Pedro

　　B. before he left Santa Barbara

　　C. when he was getting near the Mojave Desert

　　D. not far from Los Angeles

　　2. Which way did Williams go when he left Johnson?

　　A. He drove on to Las Vegas.

　　B. He went back to Los Angeles

　　C. Perhaps he went to San Pedro

　　D. He continued his journey to Canada

　　3. How did Williams help Johnson?

　　A. He persuaded the police to set him free

　　B. He managed to repair his car

　　C. He drove Johnson into San Pedro

　　D. He arranged to have his car repaired

　　4. Which is the best title of this passage?

　　A. A Bad Day for Arthur Johnson

　　B. An Interesting Car

　　C. A Pleasant Trip in the Desert

　　D. A Well-planned Journey

　　President Barack Obama's speeches are proving a best-seller in Japan -- as an aid to learning English. An English-language textbook, "The Speeches of Barack Obama," has sold more than 400,000 copies in two months, a big hit in a country where few hit novels sell more than a million copies a year.

　　Japanese have a fervor for learning English and many bookstores have a corner dedicated (專門用于) to dozens of journals in the language, many of them now featuring the new U.S. leader's face.

　　"Speeches by presidents and presidential candidates(候選人) are excellent as listening tools to learn English. Obama's are especially so. His speeches are so moving, and he also uses words such as 'yes, we can,' 'change' and 'hope' that even Japanese people can memorize," said Yuzo Yamamoto of Asahi Press, which produced the best-selling text book..

　　Speeches by George W. Bush and former nominee(提名) John Kerry's four years ago did not have the same interest, however, and nor do those made by Japanese politicians. We have to turn to a foreign president for someone in whom to place our hopes, Yamamoto said.

　　The 95-page paperback features Obama's speeches in English from the 2004 Democratic National Convention and during the Democratic Party primaries, in which he defeated Hillary Clinton. They are accompanied by Japanese translations.

　　The 1,050 yen ($12) book, which includes a CD of the speeches, tops the bestseller list on bookseller Amazon's Japanese Website, http://www.amazon.co.jp/He said lawmakers from Japan's main opposition Democratic Party had bought the book to study Obama's speeches.

　　Following Obama's inauguration(就職典禮), Asahi Press plans to issue a sequel(續集) that includes his inaugural address, as well as President John F. Kennedy's 1961 inaugural speech. It will also feature a reading of President Abraham Lincoln's Gettysburg address of 1863.

　　5. Speeches by presidents and presidential candidates are excellent as listening tools to learn English because ________.

　　A. the speakers are all great

　　B. the speakers have high speech skills

　　C. the language is full of humor

　　D. the contents are good and the words are easy to catch

　　6. Why do Japanese place their hopes in a foreign president?

　　A. Because they don’t have politicians who have such a positive influence.

　　B. Because they have the same attitude as the foreign presidents.

　　C. Because they have never made such an excellent speech.

　　D. Because they hope to have a foreigner as their leader.

　　7. Which is true about “The Speeches of Barack Obama”?

　　A. It contains all Obama’s speeches .

　　B. It has 1,050 pages with a CD.

　　C. It includes his inaugural address.

　　D. It is an especially popular book in Japan.

　　8. Which of the following can best describe the main idea of the passage?

　　A. Japan speaks highly of Obama president .

　　B. Japan learns English from Obama speeches textbook .

　　C. Obama gains his fame from his election speeches.

　　D. Obama gives Japanese speeches on how to learn English.

　　All sorts of items become litter(垃圾) but two of the most common and most dangerous are cigarette butts（煙頭) and plastic bags. Litter is a big problem for our environment but it is a problem that individuals can easily do something about. Not littering at all or cleaning up litter, such as cigarette butts and plastic bags, greatly improves the quality of our environment.

　　Although cigarette butts, are small, they are bad for the environment. Over 1,600 billion cigarette are smoked each year in China and large quantities of the butts are thrown away. Worldwide, about 4. 5 trillion butts are littered every year. Apart from the fact that butts spoil the beauty of the environment, they contain some very toxic chemicals. These find their way into the water supply where they

　　decrease the quality of the water and endanger plants and animals that live there. So, if people have to smoke, they shouldn't throw away the butts but put them in the rubbish bin instead.

　　Plastic bags are another common form of litter that is a danger to the environment. There are several reasons for this. They are made from oil and gas, which are non—renewable resources. If they are not recycled, these resources are lost to us. In China, 2 billion plastic bags are used every day. An enormous number of these become litter. This is a huge problem because they last from 20 to 1,000 years in the environment. They float easily in the air and water and travel long distances. They find their way to rivers, parks, beaches and oceans. Plastic bags kill up to one million seabirds, 100, 000 sea mammals and countless fish each year worldwide. It is up to people not to let plastic bags become litter. It would be better if they used fewer and recycled them.

　　Cleaning up your cigarette butts and plastic bags would improve the environment. And we would know that we were doing something to look after our planet. However, I believe the best solution would be not to smoke or use plastic bags at all.

　　9. Which of the following best shows the structure of the passage?

　　( ①= paragraph 1; ②= paragraph 2; ③= paragraph 3; ④a paragraph 4 )

　　10. The word “toxic” in the paragraph 2 most probably mean “________”

　　A.poisonous

　　B. precious

　　C. extra

　　D. useless

　　11. From the text. we know the fact that_________

　　A. Chinese smokers litter up to 4. 5 trillion butts every year

　　B. people in the world use 2 billion plastic bags in a single day

　　C. the butts can last 20 to 1,000 years in the environment of China

　　D. plastic bags cause 1 million deaths of seabirds each year worldwide

　　12. What's probably the best title of the passage?

　　A. Say Goodbye to Smoking

　　B. Clean Up Your Butts and Bags

　　C. Protect the Endangered Sea Animals

　　D. Use Paper Bags Now

　　Not all memories are sweet. Some people spend all their lives trying to forget bad experiences. Violence and traffic accidents can leave people with terrible physical and emotional scars. Often they relive(重溫) these experiences in nightmares.

　　Now American researchers think they are close to developing a pill, which will help people forget bad memories. The pill is designed to be taken immediately after a frightening experience. They hope it might reduce, or possibly erase the effect of painful memories.

　　In November, experts tested a drug on people in the US and France. The drug stops the body releasing chemicals that fix memories in the brain. So far the research had suggested that only the emotional effects of memories may be reduced, not that the memories are erased.

　　The research has caused a great deal of argument. Some think it is a bad idea, while others support it. Supporters say it could lead to pills that prevent or treat soldiers’ troubling memories after war.

　　They say that there are many people who suffer from terrible memories. “Some memories can ruin people’s lives. They come back to you when you don’t want to have them in a daydream or nightmare. They usually come with very painful emotions.” said Roger Pitman, a professor of psychiatry (精神病學) at Harvard Medical School. "This could relieve(減緩) a lot of that suffering.”

　　But those who are against the research say that changing memories is very dangerous because memories give us our identity. They also help us all avoid the mistakes of the past. “All of us can think of bad events in our lives that were horrible at the time but make us who we are. I'm not sure we’d want to wipe those memories out.” said Rebecca Dresser, a medical ethicist (倫理學家).

　　Some people fear that although the drug would first be used in only very serious cases, it would become more and more common, “People always have the ability to misuse science,” said Joseph LeDoux, a New York University memory researcher. “All we want to do is help people have better control of memories.”

　　13. The underlined word “it” in paragraph 4 refers to “_____.”

　　A. the new drug

　　B. the research into the drug

　　C. the memory

　　D. the chemical in the drug

　　14. Which of the following is Not the opinion of the supporters?

　　A.The pill can erase all the memories in the past.

　　B.Some memories can ruin people's life. The pill can relieve emotional suffering.

　　C.The pill can also help many other types of people who suffer from terrible memories.

　　D.The pill can prevent or treat troubling memories in soldiers after war.

　　15. Which of the following is Not the opinion of the opponents (反對者) ?

　　A. Our memories give us our identity.

　　B. The memories help humanity avoid mistakes of the past.

　　C. The drug should be used in only very serious cases.

　　D. People may not be sure whether they want to wipe the memories out.

　　16. Which of the following statements might be the main idea of the text?

　　A. People often suffer from bad memories.

　　B. The nightmares are terrible.

　　C. Forget bad memories and be happy.

　　D. The research has caused a heated argument.

　　If the world were a village of 1 000 people it would include:

　　·584 Asians

　　·124 Africans

　　·95 Eastern and Western Europeans

　　·84 Latin Americans

　　·55 former Soviets

　　·52 North Americans

　　·6 Australians and New Zealanders

　　The people of the village would speak:

　　·165 Mandarin

　　·86 English

　　·83 Hindu/Urdu

　　·64 Spanish

　　·58 Russian

　　·37 Arabic

　　The above list covers the mother tongues of only half the village.

　　One-third of the people in the village are children, and only 60 are over the age of 65.Just under half of the married women in the village have access to modern equipment.

　　This year 28 babies will be born. Ten people will die, three of them for lack of food, one from cancer. Two of the deaths will be of babies born within the year. With the 28 births and ten deaths, the population of the village next year will be

　　1 018.

　　In this village of 1 000 persons, 200 people receive 75 percent of the income; another 200 receive only 2 percent of the income.

　　About one-third have access to clean, safe drinking water.

　　Of the 670 adults in the village, half can not read nor write.

　　The village has a total yearly budget(預算),public and private, of over $3 million, that is,$3 000 per person if it is distributed(分配) evenly of the total $3 million:

　　$181 000 goes to weapons and warfare

　　$159 000 to education

　　$132 000 to health care

　　These weapons are under the control of just 100 of the people. The other 900 are watching them with deep anxiety, wondering whether they can learn to get along together.

　　17.Which of the following is true about Mandarin according to the text?

　　A.Nearly one-third of Asian people speak Mandarin in the village.

　　B.About 8.25 percent of the people speak Mandarin in the village.

　　C.About 16.5 percent of the people speak Mandarin in the village

　　D.Nearly all the Mandarin-speaking people are from Asia in the village.

　　18.The underlined part “have access to”(in Para.4) means_______.

　　A.use

　　B.buy

　　C.produce

　　D.try

　　19.According to the passage,which continent has the second largest population?

　　A.Asia.