2024高考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)講義（閱讀理解）及訓(xùn)練11：（答案）

　　小試牛刀---------閱讀理解

　　Does your older brother think he’s cleverer than you ? Well, he’s probably right． According to a new research published in the journal Intelligence, the oldest children in families are likely to have the highest IQs and the youngest the lowest ,

　　A number of studies have suggested that IQ scores decline with birth order． In the most recent study, at Vrije University, Amsterdam,researchers looked at men and women whose IQ had been tested at the ages of 5，12 ，and 18．

　　The results , which show a trend for the oldest to score better than the youngest in each test, involved about 200,000people． That showed that first-borns had a three-point IQ advantage over the second-born, who was a point ahead of the next in line．

　　The order of birth can also affect personality, achievement, and career, with first-borns being more academically successful and more likely to win Nobel prizes． However,eldset children are less likely to be radical and pioneering ． Charles Darwin, for example, was the fifth child of six．

　　Exactly why there should be such differences is not clear, and there are a number of theories on environmental influences on the child．

　　The so-called dilution(稀釋法) theory suggests that as family resources, both emotional and physical, as well as economic, are limited, it follows that, as a result , as more children come along, the levels of parental attention and encouragement will drop． Another theory is that the intellectual(智力) environment in the family favors the first-born who has, at least for some time, the benefit of individual care and help．

　　The theory which enjoys the most support is that the extra time and patience that the earlier-borns get from their parents, compared with those arriving later, gives them an advantage．

　　72．What is the passage mainly about?

　　A．IQ scores have little to do with the order of birth．

　　B．Intellectual families favor the first-born

　　C．The order of birth can have an effect on IQ

　　D．The order of birth can affect personality, achievement, and carrer．

　　73．By using Charles Darwin as an example, the author wants to prove that

　　A．eldest children are the smartest in a family

　　B．youngest children will usually become experts

　　C．first-borns are more likely to win Nobel prizes

　　D．eldest children are less likely to try something new

　　74．What do we know about the dilution theory?

　　A．Intellectual parents love the first –born better

　　B．Parents’ attention will drop with more children coming

　　C．Family resources,both emotional and physical are endless．

　　D．First-born get less care and help from their parents．

　　75．The passage is developed mainly by

　　A．offering opinion with further explanation

　　B．pointing out similarities and difference

　　C．comparing opinions from different fields

　　D．providing typical examples

　　參考答案

　　72---75、CDBA

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　　A

　　An 18-year-old student has won a local election to become mayor of his hometown in the US state of Michigan．Michael Sessions won by just two votes to beat his only rival （對手）, the 51-year-old former mayor．Mr.．Sessions owed his electoral success to the votes cast by his parents．He will now have to balance schedules between attending school and fulfilling his civic duties．He will attend his school classes between 8am to 3pm and carry out

　　his new job as the elected mayor of Hillsdale before dinner at 6pm．He aims to deliver on his campaign promises of increasing the number of full-time fire-fighters from three to four, revitalizing（復(fù)興） the local economy and enabling townsfolk to air their views and complaints （抱怨） on town life．

　　Mr．Sessions was too young to enter the election when it was first announced – he turned 18 only in September, which meant he had just four weeks of campaigning．Although he is the youngest elected official in America, he cannot celebrate his success with champagne because he would be seized by the police for underage drinking．He ran for office with a budget of $700, which he made from his summer job of selling toffee apples．His new position does not come with an office．Instead, he will receive a yearly salary of $3,600 to cover basic expenses．He starts his four-year position on November 21．Mr.．Sessions has become famous overnight since his victory and has already done a series of television chat show interviews．

　　56．How did Michael Sessions win his election?

　　A．By selling toffee apples during the summer．

　　B．By making promises before the election．

　　C．By beating the former mayor in the face．

　　D．By getting two more votes from his parents．

　　57．He started his campaign only in September because ________．

　　A．he was too young to run for public office before then

　　B．then the election was first announced

　　C．the candidates had only four weeks of campaigning

　　D．It could only happen in America

　　58．Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?

　　A．An 18-year-old has been elected mayor of Washington D．C．

　　B．The newly elected mayor will stop going to school after taking office．

　　C．He will not get his own office．

　　D．The young man wants to become a television chat show host．

　　59．Which will be the best title for the passage?

　　A．18-year-old Elected as US Mayor B．Young or Old

　　B．Famous Overnight D．Parents’ Support

　　參考答案56—59 DACA

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　　B

　　The round-the-clock（24小時不斷的）availability that cell phone have brought to people’s lives may be taking a toll on family life，a new study suggests．The study，which followed more than 1，300 adults over 2 years, found that those who consistently used a mobile phone throughout the study period were more likely to report negative “spillover’’ between work and home life—and，in turn, less satisfaction with their family life．

　　Spillover essentially（本質(zhì)上）means that the line between work and home begins to become unclear．Work life may invade home life when a．parent is taking job—related calls at home，for instance--or family issues may start to take up work time．For example，a child may call mom at work，telling her "microwave exploded” explained Noelle Chesley，an assistant professor of sociology at the University of Wisconsin—Milwaukee and the author of the study．The problem with cell phones seems to be that they are allowing for ever more spillover between work and home．

　　‘

　　This may be especially true for working women，the study found．Among men，consistent use of mobile phones seemed to allow more work issues to creep （潛入）into family time．But for women，the spillover tended to go in both directions being “connected” meant that work cut into home time，and family issues came：into work life．

　　Cell phones seem to be opening more lines for stressful exchanges among family members．But there may be ways to control the spillover，according to Chesley．Employers, she said，could look at their policies on contacting employees after hours to make sure their expectations are “reasonable”．For their part，employees could decide that cell phones go off during family time, Chesley said．

　　60．What does the underlined phrase “taking a toll’’ probably mean in Paragraph 1?

　　A．Explaining．

　　B．Protecting．

　　C．Extending

　　D．Damaging．

　　61．What is the purpose of offering the example “microwave exploded” in the second paragraph?

　　A．To show the microwave is of poor quality．

　　B．To indicate how dependent the child is．

　　C．To indicate family issues affect work hours．

　　D．To show work time creeps into family life

　　62．As a result of negative “spillover”，people will feel _____．

　　A．1ess satisfied with their family life．

　　B．1ess satisfied with their work．

　　C．a(chǎn)ngry with their troublesome children

　　D．unwilling to get married at an early age．

　　63．We can learn from the passage that _______.

　　A．spillover makes the line between work and home unclear

　　B．cell phones seem to be convenient to families

　　C．cell phones affect men as much as women

　　D．we can do nothing to solve the problem

　　參考答案

　　60-63 DCAA

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　　C

　　Years ago, when I started looking for my first job, wise advisers advised, “Barbara, be enthusiastic! Enthusiasm will take you further than any amount of experience.” How right they were!

　　“Nothing great was ever achieved without enthusiasm．” Wrote Ralph Waldo Emerson．It is the paste that helps you hang on there when the going gets tough. It is the inner voice that whispers, “I can do it!”

　　When others shout, “No, you can’t!” It took years and years for the early work of Barbara Mclintock, a geneticist who won the 1983 Nobel Prize in medicine, to be generally accepted. Yet she didn’t stop working on her experiments. Work was such a deep pleasure for her that she never thought of stopping.

　　We are all born with wide-eyed, enthusiastic wonder and it is this childlike wonder that gives enthusiastic people such youthful air, whatever their age. At 90, cellist Pablo Casals would start his day by playing Bach. As the music flowed through his fingers, his stooped shoulders would straighten and joy would reappear in his eyes. As author and poet Samuel Ulman once wrote, “Years wrinkle the skin, but to give up enthusiasm wrinkles the soul.”

　　Enthusiastic people also love what they do, regardless of money or title or power. Patricia Mellratl retired director of the Missouri Repertory Theater in Kansas City, was once asked where she got her enthusiasm. She replied, “My father, long ago, told me，I never made a dime until I stopped working for money.”

　　If we cannot do what we love as a full-time career, we can as a hobby. Elizabeth Layton Wellsville，Kan，was 68 before she began to draw. This activity ended periods of depression that troubled her for at least 30 years and the quality of her work led one critic to say, “I am tempted into a genius.”

　　We can’t afford to waste tears on “might-have-been”. We need to turn the tears into sweat as we go after “what-can-be”．We need to live each moment whole-heartedly, with all our senses—finding pleasure in the sweet smell of a back-yard garden, the simple picture of a six-year-old, the beauty of a rainbow.

　　64. The author holds the view that ______ .

　　A. enthusiasm is more important than experience

　　B. enthusiasm can give people more success and fame

　　C. enthusiastic people will never get old

　　D. enthusiasm can make you succeed and enjoy life

　　65. Which of the following can best explain the underlined sentence in Paragraph2?

　　A. Enthusiastic people never consider money and fame

　　B. Enthusiastic people can gain great fame and honor

　　C. Enthusiasm can give you courage and strength in difficult times

　　D. If you don’t have enthusiasm，you can achieve nothing

　　66. The author mentions cellist Pablo Casals inParagraph3 to show that ______ .

　　A. enthusiasm can make people feel young

　　B. music can arouse people’s enthusiasm

　　C. enthusiasm can give people inspiration needed to succeed

　　D. enthusiasm can keep people healthy

　　67. How many examples are given in the passage to show the importance of enthusiasm?

　　A. Two

　　B. Three

　　C. Four

　　D. Five

　　參考答案

　　64- 67DCAC

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　　D

　　TODAY, Friday, November 12 JAZZ with the Mike Thomas Jazz Band at The Derby Arms. Upper Richmond Road West, Sheen. DISCO Satin Sounds Disco. Free at The Lord Napier, Mort lake High St., from 8a. m. to 8p. m. Tel: 682—1158. SATURDAY, November 13 JAZZ Lysis at The Bull’s Head, Barnes. Admission 60p. MUSICAL HALL at The Star and Garter, Lower Richmond Road, Putney, provided by the Aba Daba Music Hall company. Good food and entertainment fair price. Tel: 789—6749. FAMILY night out? Join the sing-along at The Black Horse. Sheen Road, Richmond. JAZZ The John Bennett Big Band at The Bull’s Head, Barnes. Admission 80p. THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion(手風(fēng)琴). Tel: 789—4536

　　SUNDAY, November 14 DISCO Satin Sounds Disco, free at The Lord Napier, Mort Lake High Street, from 8 a. m. to 8 p. m. FOLK MUSIC at The Derby Arms. The Short Stuff and residents the Norman Chop Trio. Non-remembers 70p. Tel: 688—4626. HEAVY MUSIC with Tony Simon at The Bull, Upper Richmond Road West, East Sheen. THE DERBY ARMS, Upper Richmond Road West, give you Joe on the electric accordion.

　　68. Where and when can you hear the Norman Chop Trio?

　　A. At the Bull’s Head on Sunday.

　　B. At the Derby Arms on Sunday.

　　C. At the Bull on Saturday.

　　D. At the Black Horse on Saturday.

　　69. Where and when can you hear the Mike Thomas Jazz Band?

　　A. At the Derby Arms on Friday.

　　B. At the Black Horse on Friday.

　　C. At the Star and Garter on Saturday.

　　D. At the Derby Arms on Sunday.

　　70. You want to enjoy the electric accordion on Saturday. Which telephone number do you have to ring to find out what time it starts?

　　A. 789—6749.

　　B. 789—4536.

　　C. 682—1158.

　　D. 688—4626.

　　71. You want to spend the Saturday by joining the entertainment with your family. Where should you go?

　　A. Disco at The Lord Napier.

　　B. The sing-along at The Black Horse.

　　C. The electric accordion at The Derby Arms.

　　D. Jazz at The Bull’s Head.

　　參考答案

　　68-71 BABB

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　　E

　　Nature responds to climate change. To understand it, we need to monitor key life cycle events—flowering, the appearance of leaves, the first frog calls of the spring -all around the world．But scientists can’t be everywhere so they’re turning to non-scientists, some times called citizen scientists, for help．

　　A group of scientists and educators set up an organization last year called the National Phenology Network．“Phenology” is what scientists call the study of the timing of events in nature．

　　One of the group’s first efforts depends on scientists and non-scientists alike to collect data about plant flowering and leafing every year．The program, called Project BudBurst, collects life cycle data on different kinds of usual plants from across the United States．

　　“People don’t have to be plant experts — they just have to look around and see what’s in their neighborhood,” says Jennifer Schwartz, an adviser with the project．“As we collect this data, we’ll be able to predict how plants and communities of plants and animals will respond as the climate changes．”

　　That data will help scientists predict not only how natural communities may change but also how these changes will affect people．

　　Scientists monitoring lilac flowering in the western United States reported that in years when lilacs bloomed early — before May 20th — wildfires later in the summer and fall are larger and more severe．Lilac blooming could serve as an alarm bell, Jennifer says.

　　Improved monitoring is an important step toward predicting how natural communities will respond to climate change．

　　“The best way for us to increase our knowledge of how plants and animals are responding to climate change is to increase the amount of data we have,” he says．“That’s why we need citizen scientists to get as much information from as many places on as many species over as long a time period as we can．”