英語語法 情態動詞
情態動詞
情態動詞是高考的重點考查項目，對學習情態動詞的要求是：
首先、了解情態動詞各自的基本意義及用法，然后掌握情態動詞表示推測的用法(其中重點是對表過去推測的用法)還要注意帶有情態動詞的反意疑問句的用法。
情態動詞的特征：
1.本身有詞義，但完全。因此不能獨立作謂語，只能和動詞原形一起構成謂語。
2.后接動詞不定式一律不帶to
3.不隨人稱和數的變化。
情態動詞各自的基本意義及用法
表一、can 與could用法對比表
對比點 can could
1、表能力 Can you lift this heavy box? I couldnt understand what he said at all.
2、表許可 You can use a different material instead. He said I could borrow his bike.
3、懷疑 No, no, it cant be true.
What on earth can this mean? We thought the story could not be true. How could you be so careless?
4、can與be able to 區別 1. could代替 can，表示語氣更為婉轉。
Eg. Could I use your bike? Yes, I can
2. can (能夠)=be able to(僅表能力時)，但be able to 表示一番努力后，才能做得到，且有更多的時態。
He was a good swimmer, so he __________ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.
A. could B. might C. shall D. was able to
表二、may與 might用法對比表
對比點 may Might
1.表詢問 May I ?(=Can I ?) Might I ?(=Could I?)(但比用may 更客氣)
2.表允許 You may take the boy there. He told me he might come .(might 與told相呼應)
3.表可能或許 She may nor like this place. Im afraid he might not like this play.
注： 1. May I?的答語。
2.may可表示期望或祝愿
May you succeed !
3.may (might)用于目的狀語從句中 肯定：Yes, you may.
否定：No, you mustnt 不行(語氣強硬)
No, you may not 或No, youd better not.
The emperor gave them some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.
表三、must與have to的用法對比表
對比點 must have to
1.表必須 (主觀看法)必須;沒有過去式，可用于間接引語中。He told me I must do according to what he said. (客觀需要)不得不，有多種時態。Its raining heavily, we cant go now.
2.疑問句 Must I ?
Yes, you must.(一定)
No, you neednt./ you dont have to.(不必) Do you have to go today?
Yes, we do.
否定句：You dont have to worry about that.
表四、need與dare的用法對比表
對比點 need dare
1.情態動詞+動詞原形
1)否定式
2)疑問式 He need not (neednt)go.
----Need we do it again?
---No, you neednt do it again. He dare not say so.
Dare she go out alone at night?
How dare you say Im unfair?
If he dare do that, hell be punished.(條件句)
I dare say.(固定用法)
2.行為動詞+帶to不定式
1)肯定式
2)否定式
3)疑問式 He needs to go.
He doesnt (does not)need to go.
Does he need to do it again?
No, he doesnt need ot do it again. He dares to say.
He does not(doesnt)dare to say.
If you dare to jump into the water from here, so dare I .
3. did not need to do
表示過去沒有必要做 She didnt need to attend the meeting yesterday, and she stayed with her children.(她沒有參加)
表五、should與ought to用法對比表
對比點 should ought to
1、表應該 表勸告、建議
You should listen to the doctors advice.
We should learn from Zhang Hua 表示有責任有必要做某事
You ought to finish your work before you go home.
We ought to help each other.
2、表估計
They should get home by now. 表示非常可能的事，可譯為總應該
If we start to work right now, we ought to finish it before lunch.(午飯前應當能干完)
注： 1)、should還可在虛擬語氣中的使用
2). 注意：ought to的疑問式及否定式
----Ought he to go? ----Yes, I think he ought to.
No, he oughtnt to.
否定式：ought not to a或oughtnt to do(不說ought to not do)
反疑問句：oughtnt ______?
表六、shall與will的用法對比表
shall Will
1. 征詢對方意見或請求指示，用于第一、三人稱：
Shall I (we)?
Shall he (she)?
Where shall I (we)wait for you? 1. 詢問對方的意思或向對方提出要求：
Will you(please)? Wont you?
Would you like to?(用would替代will更客氣)
----Wont you go and see the film?你不去看電影嗎?---Yes, I think I will. 不， 我想去。
2. 表示說話人的意愿有命令警告強制允諾決心等，用于第二、三人稱，要重讀。
You shall do what I tell you ( to do).
我叫你干什么你就干什么。
Everything shall be done to save the ship.
一定要竭盡全力來拯救這艘船。 表示意志意愿，用于各種人稱：
I wont do anything you dont like.
我不會做任何你不喜歡的事。
Would表示過去時間的意志意愿
Shylock would not take the money earlier.
夏洛克先前是不肯要錢的。
表七：used to與would用法對比表
used to would
1.表示過去的動作、狀態，重在與現在情況的對比，不一定要有時間狀語。
I used to play cards a lot, but now I seldom play.
My hometown is not what it used to be. 1.只表示過去動作的重復，有明確的時間狀語
I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when he was in the middle school.
2.would 后只接表動作的動詞，不接表認識或狀態動詞
He used to be nervous in the exam.
2.表示過去的習慣有時可互換：
When we were very young, we used to / would go skating every winter.
2. 表示過去的次數時，不能使用：
( )We went to the Great Wall five times when we were young.
( X ) We used to go / would go to the Great Wall five times when we were young.
注：used to do的否定式：usednt to do 或didnt use to do (usednt也可寫作usent)
疑問式： Did you use to do ? Didnt you use to do?
Used you to do? Usednt you to do?
情態動詞表推測
情態動詞表推測的意義：
1、大多數情態動詞(除表能力、許可、意志外)，都可以表示推測，其程度有差異。按其可能性程度的高低排列為：
Must ﹥will ﹥would ﹥ought to ﹥ should ﹥ can ﹥ could﹥ may ﹥ might
肯定 完全可能 很可能 可能 有可能
2.注意區分情態動詞的否定的含義：
may not或許不、可能不 might not可能不 cant 不可能
mustnt不許、禁止 shouldnt不應該 neednt 不必
3.情態動詞表推測具體運用：情態動詞可以對現在、進行、過去推測
S主+情態動詞+be+adj 對性質特征的推測
S主+情態動詞+be+n 對職業事物的推測
S主+情態動詞+V原 對經常性行為的推測
S主+情態動詞+be+V-ing 對進行著的行為的推測
S主+情態動詞+have+PP 對過去的行為的推測
特別提醒：情態動詞表推測時
1、 can只能用于否定句和疑問句
2、 must只能用于肯定句(它的否定句和疑問句其實就用can來代替了)
3、 如句中有情態動詞 + 完成時，定是對過去的推測 。
4、 句中如有表示不肯定的話語，如：I am not sure; I dont know 之類，常選may /might的各種形式
4. 記住下面幾組表示反勸的特殊的表推測的形式
1). could + have + PP表示本來能做到，但事實上沒有做到。 He could have finished the task on time, but the heavy snow came.
2). couldnt +have + PP表示本來不能做到，但已經做到了。 She could not have covered the whole distance, but in fact she arrived ahead of time.
3) neednt + have + pp表示本不必做的，但已經做到了。 She neednt have attended the meeting yesterday, but she did.
4.) should/ought to +have + PP表示 該做而沒有做 The plant is dead. I should/ought to have given ot more water.
5) shouldnt/ oughtnt to +have + PP表示 不該做而做了。 You oughtnt to / shouldnt have taken her bike without permission.
5. 記住下面對比表：
must只能用于肯定句(它的否定句和疑問句其實就用can來代替了)
1.must + have + PP 表示對過去肯定的推測，譯為一定是，準是 The road is wet. It must have rained yesterday.
2.can + have + PP 表示對過去的推測(限于問句中) Can she have said so? 他可能這樣說嗎?
3.cant + have + PP 表示對過去的否定推測 He cannot have said such a foolish thing.
情態動詞表推測的反意疑問句
情態動詞表推測的反意疑問句，簡單來說，就是以情態動詞后的時態為淮，如句子里有明確的時間狀語，則以其為準。以 must 為例：
eg. 1. You must be hungry now, arent you?
2. He must be watching TV , isnt he ?
3 Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasnt he ?
4. She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she?
注：如選擇題中(以She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she?為例)既有didnt she又有hasnt she則以didnt she?為最佳答案。
情態動詞
情態動詞是高考的重點考查項目，對學習情態動詞的要求是：
首先、了解情態動詞各自的基本意義及用法，然后掌握情態動詞表示推測的用法(其中重點是對表過去推測的用法)還要注意帶有情態動詞的反意疑問句的用法。
情態動詞的特征：
1.本身有詞義，但完全。因此不能獨立作謂語，只能和動詞原形一起構成謂語。
2.后接動詞不定式一律不帶to
3.不隨人稱和數的變化。
情態動詞各自的基本意義及用法
表一、can 與could用法對比表
對比點 can could
1、表能力 Can you lift this heavy box? I couldnt understand what he said at all.
2、表許可 You can use a different material instead. He said I could borrow his bike.
3、懷疑 No, no, it cant be true.
What on earth can this mean? We thought the story could not be true. How could you be so careless?
4、can與be able to 區別 1. could代替 can，表示語氣更為婉轉。
Eg. Could I use your bike? Yes, I can
情態動詞
情態動詞是高考的重點考查項目，對學習情態動詞的要求是：
首先、了解情態動詞各自的基本意義及用法，然后掌握情態動詞表示推測的用法(其中重點是對表過去推測的用法)還要注意帶有情態動詞的反意疑問句的用法。
情態動詞的特征：
1.本身有詞義，但完全。因此不能獨立作謂語，只能和動詞原形一起構成謂語。
2.后接動詞不定式一律不帶to
3.不隨人稱和數的變化。
情態動詞各自的基本意義及用法
表一、can 與could用法對比表
對比點 can could
1、表能力 Can you lift this heavy box? I couldnt understand what he said at all.
2、表許可 You can use a different material instead. He said I could borrow his bike.
3、懷疑 No, no, it cant be true.
What on earth can this mean? We thought the story could not be true. How could you be so careless?
4、can與be able to 區別 1. could代替 can，表示語氣更為婉轉。
Eg. Could I use your bike? Yes, I can
2. can (能夠)=be able to(僅表能力時)，但be able to 表示一番努力后，才能做得到，且有更多的時態。
He was a good swimmer, so he __________ swim to the river bank when the boat sank.
A. could B. might C. shall D. was able to
表二、may與 might用法對比表
對比點 may Might
1.表詢問 May I ?(=Can I ?) Might I ?(=Could I?)(但比用may 更客氣)
2.表允許 You may take the boy there. He told me he might come .(might 與told相呼應)
3.表可能或許 She may nor like this place. Im afraid he might not like this play.
注： 1. May I?的答語。
2.may可表示期望或祝愿
May you succeed !
3.may (might)用于目的狀語從句中 肯定：Yes, you may.
否定：No, you mustnt 不行(語氣強硬)
No, you may not 或No, youd better not.
The emperor gave them some gold in order that they might begin their work at once.
表三、must與have to的用法對比表
對比點 must have to
1.表必須 (主觀看法)必須;沒有過去式，可用于間接引語中。He told me I must do according to what he said. (客觀需要)不得不，有多種時態。Its raining heavily, we cant go now.
2.疑問句 Must I ?
Yes, you must.(一定)
No, you neednt./ you dont have to.(不必) Do you have to go today?
Yes, we do.
否定句：You dont have to worry about that.
表四、need與dare的用法對比表
對比點 need dare
1.情態動詞+動詞原形
1)否定式
2)疑問式 He need not (neednt)go.
----Need we do it again?
---No, you neednt do it again. He dare not say so.
Dare she go out alone at night?
How dare you say Im unfair?
If he dare do that, hell be punished.(條件句)
I dare say.(固定用法)
2.行為動詞+帶to不定式
1)肯定式
2)否定式
3)疑問式 He needs to go.
He doesnt (does not)need to go.
Does he need to do it again?
No, he doesnt need ot do it again. He dares to say.
He does not(doesnt)dare to say.
If you dare to jump into the water from here, so dare I .
3. did not need to do
表示過去沒有必要做 She didnt need to attend the meeting yesterday, and she stayed with her children.(她沒有參加)
表五、should與ought to用法對比表
對比點 should ought to
1、表應該 表勸告、建議
You should listen to the doctors advice.
We should learn from Zhang Hua 表示有責任有必要做某事
You ought to finish your work before you go home.
We ought to help each other.
2、表估計
They should get home by now. 表示非常可能的事，可譯為總應該
If we start to work right now, we ought to finish it before lunch.(午飯前應當能干完)
注： 1)、should還可在虛擬語氣中的使用
2). 注意：ought to的疑問式及否定式
----Ought he to go? ----Yes, I think he ought to.
No, he oughtnt to.
否定式：ought not to a或oughtnt to do(不說ought to not do)
反疑問句：oughtnt ______?
表六、shall與will的用法對比表
shall Will
1. 征詢對方意見或請求指示，用于第一、三人稱：
Shall I (we)?
Shall he (she)?
Where shall I (we)wait for you? 1. 詢問對方的意思或向對方提出要求：
Will you(please)? Wont you?
Would you like to?(用would替代will更客氣)
----Wont you go and see the film?你不去看電影嗎?---Yes, I think I will. 不， 我想去。
2. 表示說話人的意愿有命令警告強制允諾決心等，用于第二、三人稱，要重讀。
You shall do what I tell you ( to do).
我叫你干什么你就干什么。
Everything shall be done to save the ship.
一定要竭盡全力來拯救這艘船。 表示意志意愿，用于各種人稱：
I wont do anything you dont like.
我不會做任何你不喜歡的事。
Would表示過去時間的意志意愿
Shylock would not take the money earlier.
夏洛克先前是不肯要錢的。
表七：used to與would用法對比表
used to would
1.表示過去的動作、狀態，重在與現在情況的對比，不一定要有時間狀語。
I used to play cards a lot, but now I seldom play.
My hometown is not what it used to be. 1.只表示過去動作的重復，有明確的時間狀語
I would go to see my grandfather on Sunday when he was in the middle school.
2.would 后只接表動作的動詞，不接表認識或狀態動詞
He used to be nervous in the exam.
2.表示過去的習慣有時可互換：
When we were very young, we used to / would go skating every winter.
2. 表示過去的次數時，不能使用：
( )We went to the Great Wall five times when we were young.
( X ) We used to go / would go to the Great Wall five times when we were young.
注：used to do的否定式：usednt to do 或didnt use to do (usednt也可寫作usent)
疑問式： Did you use to do ? Didnt you use to do?
Used you to do? Usednt you to do?
情態動詞表推測
情態動詞表推測的意義：
1、大多數情態動詞(除表能力、許可、意志外)，都可以表示推測，其程度有差異。按其可能性程度的高低排列為：
Must ﹥will ﹥would ﹥ought to ﹥ should ﹥ can ﹥ could﹥ may ﹥ might
肯定 完全可能 很可能 可能 有可能
2.注意區分情態動詞的否定的含義：
may not或許不、可能不 might not可能不 cant 不可能
mustnt不許、禁止 shouldnt不應該 neednt 不必
3.情態動詞表推測具體運用：情態動詞可以對現在、進行、過去推測
S主+情態動詞+be+adj 對性質特征的推測
S主+情態動詞+be+n 對職業事物的推測
S主+情態動詞+V原 對經常性行為的推測
S主+情態動詞+be+V-ing 對進行著的行為的推測
S主+情態動詞+have+PP 對過去的行為的推測
特別提醒：情態動詞表推測時
1、 can只能用于否定句和疑問句
2、 must只能用于肯定句(它的否定句和疑問句其實就用can來代替了)
3、 如句中有情態動詞 + 完成時，定是對過去的推測 。
4、 句中如有表示不肯定的話語，如：I am not sure; I dont know 之類，常選may /might的各種形式
4. 記住下面幾組表示反勸的特殊的表推測的形式
1). could + have + PP表示本來能做到，但事實上沒有做到。 He could have finished the task on time, but the heavy snow came.
2). couldnt +have + PP表示本來不能做到，但已經做到了。 She could not have covered the whole distance, but in fact she arrived ahead of time.
3) neednt + have + pp表示本不必做的，但已經做到了。 She neednt have attended the meeting yesterday, but she did.
4.) should/ought to +have + PP表示 該做而沒有做 The plant is dead. I should/ought to have given ot more water.
5) shouldnt/ oughtnt to +have + PP表示 不該做而做了。 You oughtnt to / shouldnt have taken her bike without permission.
5. 記住下面對比表：
must只能用于肯定句(它的否定句和疑問句其實就用can來代替了)
1.must + have + PP 表示對過去肯定的推測，譯為一定是，準是 The road is wet. It must have rained yesterday.
2.can + have + PP 表示對過去的推測(限于問句中) Can she have said so? 他可能這樣說嗎?
3.cant + have + PP 表示對過去的否定推測 He cannot have said such a foolish thing.
情態動詞表推測的反意疑問句
情態動詞表推測的反意疑問句，簡單來說，就是以情態動詞后的時態為淮，如句子里有明確的時間狀語，則以其為準。以 must 為例：
eg. 1. You must be hungry now, arent you?
2. He must be watching TV , isnt he ?
3 Tom must have lived her for a long time, hasnt he ?
4. She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she?
注：如選擇題中(以She must have arrived yesterday, didnt she?為例)既有didnt she又有hasnt she則以didnt she?為最佳答案。
情態動詞
情態動詞是高考的重點考查項目，對學習情態動詞的要求是：
首先、了解情態動詞各自的基本意義及用法，然后掌握情態動詞表示推測的用法(其中重點是對表過去推測的用法)還要注意帶有情態動詞的反意疑問句的用法。
情態動詞的特征：
1.本身有詞義，但完全。因此不能獨立作謂語，只能和動詞原形一起構成謂語。
2.后接動詞不定式一律不帶to
3.不隨人稱和數的變化。
情態動詞各自的基本意義及用法
表一、can 與could用法對比表
對比點 can could
1、表能力 Can you lift this heavy box? I couldnt understand what he said at all.
2、表許可 You can use a different material instead. He said I could borrow his bike.
3、懷疑 No, no, it cant be true.
What on earth can this mean? We thought the story could not be true. How could you be so careless?
4、can與be able to 區別 1. could代替 can，表示語氣更為婉轉。
Eg. Could I use your bike? Yes, I can
