句型1

　　would rather that somebody did寧愿更愿意(表示現在或將來的愿望)

　　would rather that somebody had done寧愿更愿意(表示過去的愿望)

　　[例句]

　　Id rather you posted the letter right now. 我想讓你現在去寄信。

　　Id rather you were not a celebrated actor. In that case, we could spend more time together.

　　我到情愿你不是個知名演員，這樣我們可以有更多的時間在一起。

　　Id rather that I hadnt seen her yesterday. 我情愿昨天沒有看到她。

　　句型2

　　as if/though+主語+did/had done好像(表示現在或將來的情況用過去時;表示過去的情況用過去完成時)[參考句型4]

　　[例句]

　　Our head teacher treats us as if we were her own children, so all the students in our class think highly of her.

　　Alan talked about Rome as if he had been there. Alan談起羅馬來就好像他去過那里似的。

　　句型3

　　wish +賓語從句，表示不大 可能實現的愿望

　　表示現在的愿望：主語+過去時;

　　表示過去的愿望：主語+had done;

　　表示將來的愿望：主語+would/could do

　　[例句]

　　How I wish we students had more free time to relax ourselves! 我們學生多么希望有更多的自由時間放松自己!

　　I failed in the maths exam. How I wish I hadnt wasted so much time playing!

　　What a pity you cant go to the party. How I wish I could dance with you at the party!

　　句型4

　　Its high/about time that somebody did (should do) (should通常不省略) 早就該

　　[例句]

　　Its time that you went to school.= Its time that you should go to school.

　　Its high time that we did something to improve our environment. 該是我們為環保做些事情了。

　　I think its high time that she made up her mind. 我想她該拿定主意了。

　　句型5

　　情態動詞+動詞不定式完成結構的用法

　　could have done 本來可以(表示過去沒有實現的可能)。

　　might have done 本來可能本來應該或可以做某事(實際沒有發生;含有輕微的責備語氣。

　　should/ought to have done 本來該做某事(而實際未做)

　　should not/ought not to have done 本來不該做(實際卻做過了，含有責備語氣)

　　neednt have done 本來不必做(但是已經做過了)

　　would rather have done 當時寧愿做了某事(實際沒有做過);否定式would rather not have done表達相反意思，兩者都有表示后悔之意。

　　句型6

　　as, though, although引導的讓步狀語從句。

　　[注意]although位于句首;though位于句首或句中;as位于句中=though。它的詞序是把句中強調的形容詞、副詞、動詞或名詞放在連詞前。[參考倒裝結構] 請注意下列句式的變化：

　　[例句]

　　1. Although/Though Im young, I already know what career I want to follow.

　　Young as/though I am, I already know what career I want to follow.

　　我雖然年輕，但我已經明白我應該追隨什么樣的事業。

　　2. Although/Though I respect him very much, I cannot agree with his idea.

　　Much as/though I respect him, I cannot agree with his idea. 雖然我很尊重他，但是我不同意他的觀點。

　　3. Although/Though he is a child, he knows a lot of Chinese characters.

　　Child(省略冠詞)as/though he is, he knows a lot of Chinese characters. 他雖然還是個孩子，卻認識了許多漢字。

　　4. Although he tried, he couldnt solve the problem.

　　Try as he might, he couldnt solve the problem. 盡管他努力了，但是他沒有解決問題。

　　5. Although it is raining, Im going out for a walk.

　　Raining as it is, Im going out for a walk. 天雖然在下雨，我還是要出去散步。

　　6. Strange as it may seem, nobody was injured in the accident. 這次意外雖然顯得不可思議，卻沒有人受傷。

　　7. Much as I would like to help, I have a lot to do. 雖然我很想幫助你，但是我有很多事要做。

　　8. Object as you may, I will go. 縱使你反對，我也要去。

　　句型7

　　before特殊用法(1)沒來得及就

　　[例句]

　　The roof fell before he had time to dash into the room to save his baby.

　　他還沒有來得及沖進房間救孩子，房頂就塌了。

　　He ran off before I could stop him. 我還沒有來得及阻止，他已經跑了。

　　To my great disappointment, my favorite singer left the concert before I could have a word with her.

　　讓我非常失望的是，我還沒有來得及和我最喜歡的歌手打招呼，她就已經離開了。

　　句型8

　　before特殊用法(2)過了多久才或動作進行到什么程度才

　　[例句]

　　They walked about fifty miles to the west before they saw a village.

　　他們西行50英里才看到一個村莊。

　　The workers worked day and night about three days before everything returned to normal.

　　工人們連續工作3天才使一切恢復正常。

　　He almost knocked me down before he knew it.

　　他幾乎撞到我了才意識到。

　　We had walked a long way before we found some water.

　　我們走了很長的路才找到一點水。

　　Five years went by before I knew it. 不知不覺，五年過去了。

　　句型9

　　It was + 時間段+before.過了多久才(怎么樣)

　　It was not long before.不久，就

　　It will (not) be +時間段+before.要過多久(不久)才(before從句謂語動詞要用一般時態)

　　[例句]

　　It was not long before he sensed the danger of the position.不久他就意識到他處境的危險。

　　It was five days before he came back. 五天后他才回來。

　　It will be half a year before you graduate from the school. 再過半年你才能畢業。

　　It will not be long before they understand each other. 他們大概不久就會互相了解。

　　句型10

　　in case of(+n.) 以防;萬一

　　in case that以防，萬一(謂語動詞用一般現在時態或should+動詞原形)

　　[例句]

　　In case of fire, what should we do?

　　Please remind me about it in case I forget/should forget. 萬一我忘了，請提醒我。

　　In case (that) John comes/should come, please tell him to wait.

　　Please take your umbrella in case (that it rains/should rain).帶上雨傘，以防下雨。

　　句型11

　　It強調句型

　　強調句的基本構成：It is/was + 被強調的部分 + who(主要指人時)/that + 其余部分

　　[注意1]

　　這種結構可以強調句子的主語、賓語、狀語(包括時間，地點，方式，原因等)，但是不能強調謂語動詞(參考句型15)。

　　原句的謂語動詞如果是現在或將來時態，用It isthat/who

　　原句的謂語動詞如果是過去時態，用It wasthat/who

　　強調時間、地點、原因或方式時不要用when, where或how, 必須用that。

　　[例句1]

　　I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.

　　It was I who saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.(強調主語)

　　It was in the street that I saw him yesterday afternoon.(強調地點狀語)

　　It was yesterday afternoon that I saw him in the street.(強調時間狀語)

　　It was him that/who I saw in the street yesterday afternoon.(強調賓語)

　　[例句2]

　　He didnt go to bed until his mother came back.

　　It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.

　　He didnt do his homework until his father came back from work.

　　It wasnt until his father came back from work that he did his homework.

　　[例句3]

　　Only when you nearly lose someone do you fully realize how much you value him.

　　It is only when you nearly lose someone that you fully realize how much you value him.

　　只有你快要失去某個人時，你才意識到你是多么尊重他。

　　[例句4]

　　I was late again because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour.

　　It was because the traffic was very heavy during the rush hour that I was late again.

　　(強調句中只能強調由because引導的原因狀語從句，because不能換成since, as, for, now that等)

　　[注意2]強調句的疑問結構

　　一般疑問句 Is / Was it +被強調部分 +who / that ?

　　特殊疑問句 特殊疑問詞+is /was +it +who / that?

　　What is/was it that? Who is/was it that? When is/was it that?

　　Where is/was it that? Why is/was it that? How is/was it that?

　　[例句1]

　　I saw him in the street yesterday afternoon.

　　When was it that you saw him in the street?

　　Who was it that you saw in the street yesterday afternoon?

　　Where was it that you saw him yesterday afternoon?

　　[例句2]

　　I dont know when he will come back.

　　I dont know when it is that he will come back.(賓語從句疑問詞后用陳述句語序)

　　-How was it that you got in touch with Mr. Smith? 你是怎么和Smith先生聯系上的?

　　-Trough a friend of mine. 通過一個朋友。

　　句型12

　　(1)、祈使句(表條件)+ or/or else/ otherwise + 主句(表結果) 否則，要不然

　　(2)、祈使句(表條件)+ and +主句(表結果)

　　[例句]

　　Hurry up, or youll be late for class.

　　Please call me up before you come, otherwise/or else/or we might be out.

　　你來之前打個電話，否則，我們也許會出去。

　　Think it over and you will find the answer.

　　Give him an inch and he will take a mile. 得寸進尺。

　　Work hard and you will make progress every day. 好好學習，天天向上。

　　句型13

　　until.直到時候notuntil直到才

　　[例句]

　　You are to stay until/till your mother comes back. 你得等到你媽媽回來。

　　The meeting was put off until ten oclock. 會議推遲到十點鐘。

　　The villagers didnt realize how serious the pollution was until all the fish died in the river.

　　Not until all the fish died in the river did the villagers realize how serious the pollution was.(倒裝句)

　　等到湖里的魚全死光了，村民們才意識到污染是多么嚴重。

　　He didnt go to bed until his mother came back.

　　It was not until his mother came back that he went to bed.(強調句)

　　Not until he failed in the exam did he realize that he had wasted much time playing computer games.

　　Not until his son came back from school did he go to bed.

　　句型14

　　unless除非，如果不(=ifnot)

　　[例句]

　　I shall go tomorrow unless it rains. 如果不下雨，我明天去。

　　-Shall Tom go and play football?

　　-Not unless he has finished his homework. 除非他完成作業，否則不能出去。

　　I wont go unless he comes to invite me himself.

　　除非他本人來邀請我，不然我是不會去的。

　　I wont attend his birthday party unless invited (=unless I am invited). 除非被邀請，否則我不

　　去參加的生日晚會。

　　句型15

　　when引導的從句

　　when除了用來引導主語從句、賓語從句、時間狀語從句、表語從句和定語從句，還有一種用法值得關注，那就是when引導并列分句，意思是這 時突然;就在那時，強調另一個動作的突然發生。常用于以下句型中：(1)、主語 + be doing when意思是正在做某事這時(2)、主語 + be about to dowhen(3)、主語+be on the point of (doing) when意思是正要去做某事這時

　　[例句]

　　One day Chuck was on a flight across the Pacific Ocean when suddenly his plane crashed. 有一天，Chuck正在太平洋上飛行，這時他的飛機突然爆炸了。

　　I dont know when he will arrive. 我不曉得他什么時候到達。

　　I thought of the happy days when I was in Beijing. 我想起了在北京時的那段快樂日子。

　　I believe the time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上沒有武器的日子不久就會到來。

　　I was walking along the river when I heard a drowning boy cry for help. 我正在河邊行走，這時我突然聽到一個落水男孩求救。

　　I was about to leave when it began to rain. 我剛要離開，這時下雨了。

　　I had just finished my exam paper when the bell rang, announcing the class was over. 我剛做完作業，下課鈴響了。

　　I thought of the happy days when I was in France. 我想到了在法國時那段快樂日子。

　　I believe the time will soon come when there will be no weapons in the world. 我相信世界上沒有武器的日子不久就會來臨。

　　[比較]

　　I was walking along the street when I caught sight of a tailors shop. 我正在街上走，這時我看見一家裁縫店。

　　I was walking along the streets. Just at the moment I caught sight of a tailors shop. 我在街上走。就在那時我看見一家裁縫店。

　　句型16

　　while引導的從句

　　while除了有當/在時候的意思外(注意：引導的句子謂語動詞只能是延續性動詞!)，另外的兩層意思也是考查的重點： (1)while = although 盡管、雖然，引導讓步狀語從句;(2)while的意思是然而;可是，常用來表達對比關系。

　　[例句]

　　While I admit that the problem is difficult, I dont think that they cant be solved.

　　盡管我承認這個問題很難，但是我并不認為無法解決。