新gre作文寫作思路點(diǎn)撥:關(guān)于研究的投資
寫新GRE作文時(shí)很有技巧的,很重要的一步就是擬定GRE作文提綱。準(zhǔn)備好一個(gè)GRE作文提綱對(duì)新GRE作文的意義在于熟悉了GRE作文題庫(kù),并且合理的對(duì)題目進(jìn)行分析,總結(jié)出思路和素材的選用。下面就對(duì)GRE作文提綱進(jìn)行解析,幫助考生們擬定屬于自己的GRE作文提綱。
Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial.
是好的投資,但有些研究有害處
1、研究的投資很值得,因?yàn)檠芯靠梢酝苿?dòng)人類社會(huì)進(jìn)步
exploration of the unknown for true answers to our questions
explor solutions to enduring social problems
satisfy our appetite for knowledge; help understand ourselves and the world
astronomy; technology; biology; medicine ;money spent one these research projects bring even more benefits for human beings
2、盡管有些研究結(jié)果可能有爭(zhēng)議,但也不用放棄所有這些研究
到底是否有爭(zhēng)議在研究開始前不確定;有些研究的成果盡管可能有危害,但正確使用也可以發(fā)揮很好作用nuclear power; cloning
3、當(dāng)研究目標(biāo) vague,potential benefits are speculative ,甚至對(duì)人類有危害時(shí),投資要十分警惕
Star War; championed by Reagon admi nistration; largely a waste of moeny
human cloning; give rise a number of ethnic issues
chemical/nuclear weapons; demolish peaceful life and hurt thoes innocent people
ISSUE
對(duì)研究進(jìn)行投資都是值得的,即使結(jié)果有爭(zhēng)議。
1 研究對(duì)我們意義重大。對(duì)社會(huì)而言,人類社會(huì)的進(jìn)步都是建立在研究的基礎(chǔ)上的。研究創(chuàng)造出新的知識(shí),新的發(fā)明,新的理論,從而使社會(huì)不斷進(jìn)步。因此我們必須對(duì)研究給予足夠的投資,使研究發(fā)展。對(duì)公司而言,研究專利才能使一個(gè)公司立于不敗之地。因此對(duì)于國(guó)家和公司,對(duì)研究投資都是很重要的,很值得。
2 研究經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)爭(zhēng)議的結(jié)果,但是這并不能磨滅某個(gè)研究的意義。一方面,研究的結(jié)果在當(dāng)時(shí)不被重視或被認(rèn)為是錯(cuò)誤的,比如法拉第的電動(dòng)機(jī)和貝爾的電話;另一方面,一些研究在應(yīng)用方面很有爭(zhēng)議,比如核能。這種情況對(duì)他們的投資仍然是值得的。
3 然而一項(xiàng)研究如果違背了或者挑戰(zhàn)人類的基本 virtue ,那么這個(gè)研究一定要謹(jǐn)慎投資的。比如,藥物人體實(shí)驗(yàn),比如克隆人。另外,投資時(shí)必須考慮到某項(xiàng)爭(zhēng)議的研究是否能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn),如果根本無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn),那么投資必然是失敗的。比如永動(dòng)機(jī)
4 我們不應(yīng)該僅僅關(guān)注投資,我們必須對(duì)研究所帶來(lái)的問題給予關(guān)注,比如環(huán)境問題。否則,投資是不負(fù)責(zé)任的。
花在研究上的資金基本上都是不錯(cuò)的投資,即使研究的結(jié)果是有爭(zhēng)議的。
不太同意
1。當(dāng)然研究總是好的:
1 )通常發(fā)現(xiàn)是偶然的:比如 伏蘭明,科學(xué)家不一定知道能做出什么,但嘗試中會(huì)帶來(lái)大意外
2 )爭(zhēng)議可能來(lái)自各自的利益,和短見:
比如解決當(dāng)前社會(huì)問題 pressing social problem 和探索外太空explore the outer space 是同等重要
2。但是有些問題:
1)有些結(jié)果是可以預(yù)期的壞:
比如基因克隆,是否需要繼續(xù)
比如 核武器,日本廣島 目的就是增強(qiáng)軍事,國(guó)家戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),當(dāng)然保證自己國(guó)家穩(wěn)定,但潛在對(duì)他國(guó)和地球的危害
比如生化武器,拿生物和人類做實(shí)驗(yàn),是否 good investment 了
2)當(dāng)資源有限時(shí),要決定先后 priority:
比如社會(huì)問題非常嚴(yán)重,那么對(duì)外太空需要放一放;先解決 immediate problem 置頂
【題目】
Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that rese arch are controversial.
【翻譯】
花在研究上的資金基本上都是不錯(cuò)的投資,即使研究的結(jié)果是有爭(zhēng)議的。
【提綱】
觀點(diǎn):花在研究上的資金都是很好的資金,但是我們應(yīng)該適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)注它的結(jié)果避免因由之引起的社會(huì)問題。
1.研究在人類的發(fā)展中起了不可忽視的作用,研究是對(duì)未知領(lǐng)域的探索,發(fā)現(xiàn)問題并且解決問題,推動(dòng)社會(huì)進(jìn)步。它也滿足了人們不斷的求知欲望,幫助人們認(rèn)識(shí)自己與世界。在對(duì)基因的研究中,人們從根本上認(rèn)識(shí)了自己,從而
有助于治療疾病并可以通過改變基因而改變世界。在對(duì)永動(dòng)機(jī)的研究中,人類了解了自然能量守恒的發(fā)則,從而人類懂得了在自然的框架下實(shí)現(xiàn)理想。在對(duì)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的研究中,人類摸索出了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的規(guī)則,從而使人類更從容的面對(duì)今天經(jīng)濟(jì)的變幻莫測(cè)。因此,花在研究上的資金是很值得的。
2.一些持反對(duì)意見的人可能會(huì)指出克隆和原子能的研究的例子。的確它們有不好的一面,違背社會(huì)倫理道德,造成核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。但是我們應(yīng)該看到,在和平時(shí)期核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是可以控制的,克隆也正在受社會(huì)倫理道德的約束。并且在當(dāng)下,這兩種技術(shù)的確都為社會(huì)科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。
3.然而值得注意的是我們還是應(yīng)該注意研究的結(jié)果的。因?yàn)槲覀冎缽慕?jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的角度講,凡事都是有機(jī)會(huì)成本的,與其去做那些有爭(zhēng)議的研究,不如把這些錢投入其他更有前途收效更大的研究中,或拿去解決社會(huì)當(dāng)前所面臨的社會(huì)問題。比如 Star Wars 。
31.對(duì)研究的投資都是好的,即使結(jié)果有爭(zhēng)議
一、確實(shí)應(yīng)該投資,因?yàn)椴淮_定性,限于當(dāng)代人的知識(shí)不被理解,對(duì)倫理方面的爭(zhēng)議也應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎。但對(duì)于政府的強(qiáng)制的投資要 reconsider。 any democracy should reconsider th e choice that may be precarious.
二、研究在社會(huì)進(jìn)步中有重要作用 Research manifests its importance in the process of the evolution of human society, which has kept developing relying on accumulation of discovery and invention since ancient time.
1.Cai lun ad105, disseminate knowledge, Watt, computer
三、結(jié)果是不確定的,所以要投資 The proposition that we should not interference with research lies on one of the traits of research---uncertainty-- -though the objective is ascertainable
1.我們expect to be contributable 的可能harmful ,而科學(xué)家 unusual 興趣的卻可能很偉大
2. 只有投資不能確定結(jié)果的研究才有意義
3.Adam Smith, Keynes, Friedman, ascertain objective ,不能知道結(jié)果 beforehand, 但最終成功
4.在basic research truer
四、對(duì)于引發(fā)的倫理上的爭(zhēng)議,我們要謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待 As regards to the results may lead to controversy over religion or ethics, we should be circumspect to criticize those fruits of research.
1.Limited to academic level and ken
2.Copernicus, Darwin, Mendel
3.Recently,對(duì)于 clone的爭(zhēng)議,要謹(jǐn)慎 had Wilmut who cloned Dolly,
4.雖然公民可以對(duì)研究提出異議,但不要使悲劇重演
五、但如果給政府,則要謹(jǐn)慎 people should pay attention to th e research forced by government.
1.that any goal...
2. 但政府眼光淺顯 finite tenure
3. vested interest, Aral Sea
31T Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial.
花費(fèi)在研究上的金錢總是很好的投資,即使研究結(jié)果是有爭(zhēng)論的在這里略去。因?yàn)槲铱嫉氖沁@道。
A. Research is the exploration of the unknown for true answers to our questions, and for lasting solutions to our enduring problems.
B. Research is also the chief mean s by which we humans attempt to satisfy our insatiable appetite for knowledge, and our craving to understand ourselves and the world around us.
C. Many researches may be controversial and the results of them may bring to people some harm, after all they are of greater benefit in the short or long term.
Related Examples:
1) Research of atomic energy,
2) Research of radioactivity: the starting point for cancer treatment, for the dating techniques used on ancient objects, rocks and the universe, and for molecular biology and modern genetics.
3) Copernicuss heliocentric theory; Galileos research in astronomy.
4) Technique of cloning No amount of research can completely solve the enduring problems of war, poverty and violence, for the reason that they stem from the certain aspects of human naturesuch as aggression and greed.
寫新GRE作文時(shí)很有技巧的,很重要的一步就是擬定GRE作文提綱。準(zhǔn)備好一個(gè)GRE作文提綱對(duì)新GRE作文的意義在于熟悉了GRE作文題庫(kù),并且合理的對(duì)題目進(jìn)行分析,總結(jié)出思路和素材的選用。下面就對(duì)GRE作文提綱進(jìn)行解析,幫助考生們擬定屬于自己的GRE作文提綱。
Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial.
是好的投資,但有些研究有害處
1、研究的投資很值得,因?yàn)檠芯靠梢酝苿?dòng)人類社會(huì)進(jìn)步
exploration of the unknown for true answers to our questions
explor solutions to enduring social problems
satisfy our appetite for knowledge; help understand ourselves and the world
astronomy; technology; biology; medicine ;money spent one these research projects bring even more benefits for human beings
2、盡管有些研究結(jié)果可能有爭(zhēng)議,但也不用放棄所有這些研究
到底是否有爭(zhēng)議在研究開始前不確定;有些研究的成果盡管可能有危害,但正確使用也可以發(fā)揮很好作用nuclear power; cloning
3、當(dāng)研究目標(biāo) vague,potential benefits are speculative ,甚至對(duì)人類有危害時(shí),投資要十分警惕
Star War; championed by Reagon admi nistration; largely a waste of moeny
human cloning; give rise a number of ethnic issues
chemical/nuclear weapons; demolish peaceful life and hurt thoes innocent people
ISSUE
對(duì)研究進(jìn)行投資都是值得的,即使結(jié)果有爭(zhēng)議。
1 研究對(duì)我們意義重大。對(duì)社會(huì)而言,人類社會(huì)的進(jìn)步都是建立在研究的基礎(chǔ)上的。研究創(chuàng)造出新的知識(shí),新的發(fā)明,新的理論,從而使社會(huì)不斷進(jìn)步。因此我們必須對(duì)研究給予足夠的投資,使研究發(fā)展。對(duì)公司而言,研究專利才能使一個(gè)公司立于不敗之地。因此對(duì)于國(guó)家和公司,對(duì)研究投資都是很重要的,很值得。
2 研究經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)爭(zhēng)議的結(jié)果,但是這并不能磨滅某個(gè)研究的意義。一方面,研究的結(jié)果在當(dāng)時(shí)不被重視或被認(rèn)為是錯(cuò)誤的,比如法拉第的電動(dòng)機(jī)和貝爾的電話;另一方面,一些研究在應(yīng)用方面很有爭(zhēng)議,比如核能。這種情況對(duì)他們的投資仍然是值得的。
3 然而一項(xiàng)研究如果違背了或者挑戰(zhàn)人類的基本 virtue ,那么這個(gè)研究一定要謹(jǐn)慎投資的。比如,藥物人體實(shí)驗(yàn),比如克隆人。另外,投資時(shí)必須考慮到某項(xiàng)爭(zhēng)議的研究是否能夠?qū)崿F(xiàn),如果根本無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn),那么投資必然是失敗的。比如永動(dòng)機(jī)
4 我們不應(yīng)該僅僅關(guān)注投資,我們必須對(duì)研究所帶來(lái)的問題給予關(guān)注,比如環(huán)境問題。否則,投資是不負(fù)責(zé)任的。
花在研究上的資金基本上都是不錯(cuò)的投資,即使研究的結(jié)果是有爭(zhēng)議的。
不太同意
1。當(dāng)然研究總是好的:
1 )通常發(fā)現(xiàn)是偶然的:比如 伏蘭明,科學(xué)家不一定知道能做出什么,但嘗試中會(huì)帶來(lái)大意外
2 )爭(zhēng)議可能來(lái)自各自的利益,和短見:
比如解決當(dāng)前社會(huì)問題 pressing social problem 和探索外太空explore the outer space 是同等重要
2。但是有些問題:
1)有些結(jié)果是可以預(yù)期的壞:
比如基因克隆,是否需要繼續(xù)
比如 核武器,日本廣島 目的就是增強(qiáng)軍事,國(guó)家戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng),當(dāng)然保證自己國(guó)家穩(wěn)定,但潛在對(duì)他國(guó)和地球的危害
比如生化武器,拿生物和人類做實(shí)驗(yàn),是否 good investment 了
2)當(dāng)資源有限時(shí),要決定先后 priority:
比如社會(huì)問題非常嚴(yán)重,那么對(duì)外太空需要放一放;先解決 immediate problem 置頂
【題目】
Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that rese arch are controversial.
【翻譯】
花在研究上的資金基本上都是不錯(cuò)的投資,即使研究的結(jié)果是有爭(zhēng)議的。
【提綱】
觀點(diǎn):花在研究上的資金都是很好的資金,但是我們應(yīng)該適當(dāng)?shù)年P(guān)注它的結(jié)果避免因由之引起的社會(huì)問題。
1.研究在人類的發(fā)展中起了不可忽視的作用,研究是對(duì)未知領(lǐng)域的探索,發(fā)現(xiàn)問題并且解決問題,推動(dòng)社會(huì)進(jìn)步。它也滿足了人們不斷的求知欲望,幫助人們認(rèn)識(shí)自己與世界。在對(duì)基因的研究中,人們從根本上認(rèn)識(shí)了自己,從而
有助于治療疾病并可以通過改變基因而改變世界。在對(duì)永動(dòng)機(jī)的研究中,人類了解了自然能量守恒的發(fā)則,從而人類懂得了在自然的框架下實(shí)現(xiàn)理想。在對(duì)宏觀經(jīng)濟(jì)的研究中,人類摸索出了世界經(jīng)濟(jì)運(yùn)行的規(guī)則,從而使人類更從容的面對(duì)今天經(jīng)濟(jì)的變幻莫測(cè)。因此,花在研究上的資金是很值得的。
2.一些持反對(duì)意見的人可能會(huì)指出克隆和原子能的研究的例子。的確它們有不好的一面,違背社會(huì)倫理道德,造成核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)。但是我們應(yīng)該看到,在和平時(shí)期核戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)是可以控制的,克隆也正在受社會(huì)倫理道德的約束。并且在當(dāng)下,這兩種技術(shù)的確都為社會(huì)科學(xué)技術(shù)的發(fā)展做出了巨大的貢獻(xiàn)。
3.然而值得注意的是我們還是應(yīng)該注意研究的結(jié)果的。因?yàn)槲覀冎缽慕?jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)的角度講,凡事都是有機(jī)會(huì)成本的,與其去做那些有爭(zhēng)議的研究,不如把這些錢投入其他更有前途收效更大的研究中,或拿去解決社會(huì)當(dāng)前所面臨的社會(huì)問題。比如 Star Wars 。
31.對(duì)研究的投資都是好的,即使結(jié)果有爭(zhēng)議
一、確實(shí)應(yīng)該投資,因?yàn)椴淮_定性,限于當(dāng)代人的知識(shí)不被理解,對(duì)倫理方面的爭(zhēng)議也應(yīng)該謹(jǐn)慎。但對(duì)于政府的強(qiáng)制的投資要 reconsider。 any democracy should reconsider th e choice that may be precarious.
二、研究在社會(huì)進(jìn)步中有重要作用 Research manifests its importance in the process of the evolution of human society, which has kept developing relying on accumulation of discovery and invention since ancient time.
1.Cai lun ad105, disseminate knowledge, Watt, computer
三、結(jié)果是不確定的,所以要投資 The proposition that we should not interference with research lies on one of the traits of research---uncertainty-- -though the objective is ascertainable
1.我們expect to be contributable 的可能harmful ,而科學(xué)家 unusual 興趣的卻可能很偉大
2. 只有投資不能確定結(jié)果的研究才有意義
3.Adam Smith, Keynes, Friedman, ascertain objective ,不能知道結(jié)果 beforehand, 但最終成功
4.在basic research truer
四、對(duì)于引發(fā)的倫理上的爭(zhēng)議,我們要謹(jǐn)慎對(duì)待 As regards to the results may lead to controversy over religion or ethics, we should be circumspect to criticize those fruits of research.
1.Limited to academic level and ken
2.Copernicus, Darwin, Mendel
3.Recently,對(duì)于 clone的爭(zhēng)議,要謹(jǐn)慎 had Wilmut who cloned Dolly,
4.雖然公民可以對(duì)研究提出異議,但不要使悲劇重演
五、但如果給政府,則要謹(jǐn)慎 people should pay attention to th e research forced by government.
1.that any goal...
2. 但政府眼光淺顯 finite tenure
3. vested interest, Aral Sea
31T Money spent on research is almost always a good investment, even when the results of that research are controversial.
花費(fèi)在研究上的金錢總是很好的投資,即使研究結(jié)果是有爭(zhēng)論的在這里略去。因?yàn)槲铱嫉氖沁@道。
A. Research is the exploration of the unknown for true answers to our questions, and for lasting solutions to our enduring problems.
B. Research is also the chief mean s by which we humans attempt to satisfy our insatiable appetite for knowledge, and our craving to understand ourselves and the world around us.
C. Many researches may be controversial and the results of them may bring to people some harm, after all they are of greater benefit in the short or long term.
Related Examples:
1) Research of atomic energy,
2) Research of radioactivity: the starting point for cancer treatment, for the dating techniques used on ancient objects, rocks and the universe, and for molecular biology and modern genetics.
3) Copernicuss heliocentric theory; Galileos research in astronomy.
4) Technique of cloning No amount of research can completely solve the enduring problems of war, poverty and violence, for the reason that they stem from the certain aspects of human naturesuch as aggression and greed.